Lung Cell

1. Lung Cell By: Alex Hefner, Issac Sluder, Taylor Mitchell

2. The Difference between: Prokaryote - a group of organisms whose cells lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotes - An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria

3. The Difference between: Plant Cell - supported by rigid cell walls made largely of cellulose; A cell that is the structural and functional unit of a plant. Animal Cell - A eukaryote (or) is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus, or nuclear envelope, within which the genetic material is carried.

4. A lung cell is a eukaryotic animal cell A lung cell would be eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. One of the differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryotes that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. A lung cell would also be an animal cell, because it doesn't have a cell wall. Plant cells contain cell walls.

5. Movement of materials in and out of a lung cell. 1. Passive transport processes describe substances moving from regions of higher to lower concentrations without the use of energy. This includes diffusion, which is the basic movement of substances from an area of higher to lower concentration, as well as osmosis, which is the movement of water from an area of higher to lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion involves the diffusion of solutes or water through channel proteins in the plasma membrane.

6. Movement of materials in and out of a lung cell. 2. Active transport processes involve the movement of solute against a gradient, meaning it moves from areas of lower to higher concentration, and requires energy in the form of ATP. Transport proteins assist in moving these substances in and out of the membrane.

7. Movement of materials in and out of a lung cell. 3. Vesicular transport processes that use vesicles or other bodies in the cytoplasm to move large molecules or particles across the membrane. Endocytosis involves the capture of a substance outside of the cell when the membrane engulfs it. Two of these processes are called phagocytosis, in which the membrane engulfs solid material, and pinocytosis, which involves the membrane folding inward to form a channel for liquids to enter.

8. Movement of materials in and out of a lung cell. Alveoli (Difficult to see)

9. Movement of materials in and out of a lung cell. Alveoli are air sacs that pull air into the lungs. This is how oxygen is made available for transport. The cells of the lungs form the muscles that open and close the alveoli.

10. Movement of materials in and out of a lung cell. Glucose diffuses into the lung cell and mixes with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. Oxygen also diffuses from the blood into the cell. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell into the blood to be disposed of

11. Alveolar cell types. Type I cells. These are squamous epithelial cells that make up 97% of the alveolar surface. They are specialized to serve as very thin (often only 25 nm in width) gas-permeable components of the blood-air barrier. 2. Type II cells. These cells cover the remaining 3% of the alveolar surface. They are interspersed among the type I cells, to which they attach by desmosomes and occluding junctions. Type II cells are secretory cells.

12. Response to environmental stimuli. If there is noxious stimuli (such as smoke or chemicals), the respiratory muscle cells trigger the cough response to try to get rid of the stimuli. There is also a response where they form mucus to try and trap the stimuli so it can be isolated and then coughed out.