1 / 24

From the Republican Revolution to the Communist Takeover

From the Republican Revolution to the Communist Takeover . 1911-1949. Issues leading to Revolution- Opium and Revolt. Issues leading to tensions: Opium Wars and Taiping. Opium Wars: British smuggle in opium from India 1830s – 1840s

demetria-lois
Download Presentation

From the Republican Revolution to the Communist Takeover

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. From the Republican Revolution to the Communist Takeover 1911-1949

  2. Issues leading to Revolution- Opium and Revolt

  3. Issues leading to tensions: Opium Wars and Taiping • Opium Wars: British smuggle in opium from India 1830s – 1840s • Britain gains Hong Kong and other territories as result of wars • Taiping Rebellion ( 1850-1864): Large scale revolt against Qing Govt – 20 – 30 MILLION die as result of British and French intervention

  4. The Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)

  5. Issues leading to Rev: Boxer Rebellion • Revolt against foreign influence in trade, politics, religion and technology • Anti-Imperialist movement • Chinese Government helpless to stop it • 8 nation alliance (including US and Japan) intervene

  6. Fall of Qing Dynasty • Qing: Founded by Manchu Clan • Ruled China 1644-1911 • 19th Cent – war, rebellion, famine, and defeats from dynasty • Henry Puyu – Known as Last Chinese Emperor • China enters “warlord period”

  7. In 1912, A Deal Is Made… • Yuan Shikai is named President of the Republic • Emperor Pu Yi abdicates

  8. Yuan Shikai • -Yuan was a former general in the Qing Dynasty; presidency handed over to him in 1912 • -The revolutionaries had elected Sun Yat-Sen as the first Provisional President of the ROC, but they were in a weak position militarily, so they reluctantly compromised with Yuan. • Yuan fulfilled his promise to the revolutionaries and arranged for the abdication of the child emperor Puyi in return for being granted the position of the president, replacing Sun. • Turmoil following his death

  9. Political Parties Struggle for Power… Nationalists (Kuomintang-KMT) vs. Communists (CCP)

  10. Nationalists (KMT)1912 • Formed by Sun Yat-Sen & Song Jiaoren • Chiang Kai-Shek joins in 1923

  11. Dr. Sun Yat Sen • Known as “Father of the Revolution” • Based his idea of revolution on 3 principles: • Nationalism: Chinese Government should be in the hands of the Chinese, rather than a foreign imperial house • Democracy: Govt should be elected • Equalization: Land and wealth should be evenly distributed

  12. “Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood”… “Because we are unwilling to let a small number of Manchus enjoy all the privileges, we want a nationalist revolution. Because we do not want one man, the monarch, to enjoy all the privileges, we want a political revolution. And because we do not want a small number of rich people to enjoy all the privileges, we want a social revolution.” ~Dr. Sun Yat-Sen~ 1906

  13. Communists (CCP)1921 • Marxists study groups established in 1919 • Mao Tse-Tung

  14. Mao Tse-Tung • Mao leads group in Hunan • Soviet influence (Comintern agents visit) • Appeals to those who have become disillusioned with the materialism of the west and those upset over the Treaty of Versailles (1919) - China wasn’t invited and Shandong was transferred from Germany to Japan • Led May 4th Movement (student protest at Tiananmen Square)

  15. Chiang Kai Shek and the Nationalists • Took over after death of Sun Yat Sen 1925 • Believed Communist activities to be “socially and economically disruptive”

  16. 1927-28: Nationalist Purges

  17. 1934: The Long March • 80,000 CCP members march 6,000 miles from Fujian/Jiangxi to Shaanxi • Roughly 8,000 make it all the way…

  18. Sino-Japanese War 1937-1945 • Weakened power of Chiang Kai Shek • US believed supporting Shek was “throwing money down a rat hole”

  19. 1937: “Rape of Nanking” • Tens of thousands of civilians and soldiers died • Thousands of women raped

  20. War with Japan • During the occupation of Nanjing, the Japanese army committed numerous atrocities, such as rape, looting, arson and the execution of prisoners of war and civilians. • Although the executions began under the pretext of eliminating Chinese soldiers disguised as civilians, a large number of innocent men were intentionally identified as enemy combatants and executed—or simply killed outright—as the massacre gathered momentum. • A large number of women and children were also killed, as rape and murder became more widespread.

  21. End of War • Japanese occupation ends • Discontent with KMT resurfaces • Chiang Kai-Shek flees to Taiwan and sets up Republic of China

  22. October 1, 1949: Mao Declares the People’s Republic of China

More Related