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KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR Chapter 3 Title: Biology & Human Brain Capacities and Abilities

KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR Chapter 3 Title: Biology & Human Brain Capacities and Abilities. Penyampai : Junainor binti Hassan. What is Brain?. Physical brain which weight 325 gram for adult. Main center in nerve system.

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KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR Chapter 3 Title: Biology & Human Brain Capacities and Abilities

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  1. KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIRChapter 3Title:Biology & Human Brain Capacities and Abilities Penyampai: Junainorbinti Hassan

  2. What is Brain? • Physical brain which weight 325 gram for adult. • Main center in nerve system. • Coordinate all of human body functions-Coordinat and interact all parts of human body. • Doing complex and complicated tasks more than a computer. • To enable of thinking, memorizing, making decisions, analyzing, evaluating, observation (by using se ses) and etc. • Use 75% oxygen in human blood stream.

  3. How to detect brain activity? Electroencephalograph Machine Function: To record brain waves using the attached electrode wires on head. Objective: To see and analyze the chemical and electromagnetic changes as the result of brain activities (thinking)

  4. Brain were divided by 5: • Main nerve/kordaspina. • Cortex (modula oblongata, ponsdanotaktengah). • Diensefalon (talamusdanhiptalamus). • Serebrum • Serelum

  5. Main nerves consisted of brain and sensory system P E R S E K I T A R A N

  6. Cortex/kordaspina. • Receive information from the five senses, muscles and other parts of the body. • Function: To give out motor signal/order to produce movement. • Medula oblongata and pons (the bridge). • The bridge (connector) between cortex/main nerve and upper part of the brain. • Smallest part of the brain. • Small fiber nerves that connects the brain and the cortex. • Function: The center to all unconcious activities (the beating of the heart, blood pressure, peristalsis, snizzing, vomiting, etc.) • Middle brain (between medula oblongata, pons and serebelum) and front brain (diensefalon and korteksserebrum). • Diensefalon (consisting of hipotalamus & talamus). • Function: Information processing (visual, hearing, tasting, etc.) that reaches cortex from other parts of the main nerves.

  7. Hipotalamus. • Function: To control and coordinate the involuntary processes (breathing, heart beat and human temperature). • Serebelum (it is located under the serebrum. Filled with greyish nodes that consumed the whole part of the cranium back. Cranium: It is in a folding structure and filled with grey and white nodes. • Receive impuls from the senses organs (balancing of the body and receptors in the joints and muscles). • Function: To coordinate movement and balancing of the body (coordination of the muscles when doing activities such as walkin, running, swimming and etc.). • Serebrum is the biggest part of the brain which consume 2/3 on the whole organ. It filled the upper part and front part of the cranium. Devided by two parts. • Right and Left hemisphere (Serebrum). Is is connected by colusum. If there were a lot of folding structures, there will be a lot of thinking processes.

  8. Facts on Brain Capacities Tools Storage capacities 1,3000,000 2,5000,000 313,000,000 12,500,000,000 250,000,000,000 12,500,000,000 125,500,000,000,000 • Book • Floopy disc • Magnetic disc • Encyclopedia britannica • IBM 3850 magnetic • Tape catridge • Library/Archives US • Human brain

  9. The Split-Brain Phenomenon • Corpus Callosum • Large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres • The two sides of our brains serve different functions (lateralized or specialization of tasks): • Left hemisphere: Language, math, logic • Right hemisphere: spatial abilities, face recognition, visual imagery, musical and artistic abilities, emotional tasks. • This is the case for almost all righthanders (about 95%) and about half of lefthanders

  10. Important aspects of this divided brain phenomenon • Information from left half of field of vision is received only by your right hemisphere, and information from the right half of your field of vision is received only by your left hemisphere • Don’t get confused here as each eye receives sensory information from both right and left visual fields. But this information is only transmitted from a particular visual field to a particular brain hemisphere

  11. Important aspects of this divided brain phenomenon • The left hemisphere receives information from and controls movements of the right side of the body, whereas the right hemisphere receives input from and controls movements of the left side of the body • Tests show that almost all right-handers (over 95%) process speech in the left hemisphere

  12. Important aspects of this divided brain phenomenon • Left-handers are more diverse: • 60% process speech in the left hemisphere • 5% process speech in the right hemisphere • 35% use both hemispheres about equally (half of the time)

  13. Split-Brain Experiments • Vogel and Bogen (1961) • Sperry and Gazzaniga • Conducted many experiments from 1960’s through the 1980’s

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