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The Islamic and Ottoman Empires

The Islamic and Ottoman Empires. The Absolute Basics. Islamic Empire (or Muslim Empire). 1 st period: Rightly Guided Caliphs (1 st 4 Caliphs) Established the empire Expanded through Middle East Oversaw the writing of the Qu’ran 2 nd period: Umayyad Dynasty (founded by Mu’awiyah)

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The Islamic and Ottoman Empires

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  1. The Islamic and Ottoman Empires The Absolute Basics

  2. Islamic Empire (or Muslim Empire) • 1st period: Rightly Guided Caliphs (1st 4 Caliphs) • Established the empire • Expanded through Middle East • Oversaw the writing of the Qu’ran • 2nd period: Umayyad Dynasty (founded by Mu’awiyah) • Formed due to the split between Sunnis (who favored Mu’awiyah) and Shiites (who favored the Rightly Guided Caliphs) • Expanded through North Africa to Spain, and toward China and India • 3rd period: Abbasid Dynasty (founded by Abu’l ‘Abbas) • Many cultural achievements • Lasted several centuries

  3. The Significance of the Islamic Empire • It made Islam the main religion of the Middle East. • It made Islam the second largest religion in the world. • It established Islamic claims to Jerusalem, leading to conflicts with Jews and Christians. • It represents Islam at the height of its influence.

  4. Ottoman Empire • Filled the void left by the collapse of the Islamic Empire • Ottoman Empire was Turkish, while the Islamic had been Arab • Ruled by a sultan who would also take the title of Caliph – therefore, a theocracy • Allowed some freedom of religion (more than Islamic had done). • Was in decline by end of 19th century.

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