CHARACTERIZATION

1. CHARACTERIZATION Week 1

2. Direct Characterization Direct Characterization—The writer tells readers directly what a character is like. . . . he was a simple, good-natured man; he was moreover a kind neighbor and an obedient, henpecked husband. from “Rip Van Winkle” by Washington Irving [End of Section]

3. Indirect Characterization Indirect Characterization—The writer reveals characters’ traits through • appearance • dialogue • private thoughts • actions • effects on others

4. Indirect Characterization Appearance The way writers describe characters’ appearance—physical features, clothing, and general demeanor—provides insight into their personalities. (After his twenty-year nap) The appearance of Rip, with his long grizzled beard, his rusty fowling piece, his uncouth dress, . . . soon attracted the attention of the tavern politicians. from “Rip Van Winkle” by Washington Irving

5. Indirect Characterization Private Thoughts Characters’ private thoughts can reveal what they think, feel, want, or fear. (Rip learns that friends have passed away in his absence) Rip’s heart died away, at hearing of these sad changes in his home and his friends, and finding himself thus alone in the world . . . he had no courage to ask after any more friends, but cried out in despair, “Does nobody here know Rip Van Winkle?” from “Rip Van Winkle” by Washington Irving

6. Indirect Characterization Actions Characters’ actions—what they do and how they do it—tell a great deal about them. He assisted at their sports, made their playthings, taught them to fly kites and shoot marbles, and told them long stories. . . . from “Rip Van Winkle” by Washington Irving

7. Indirect Characterization Effects on Others The effect a character has on others also helps readers understand what the character is like. The children of the village . . . would shout with joy whenever he approached. . . . Whenever he went dodging about the village he was surrounded by a troop of them . . . and not a dog would bark at him throughout the neighborhood. from “Rip Van Winkle” by Washington Irving

8. Dramatic Monologue and Soliloquy Characters are also important in poetry and plays. One way that poets and playwrights can develop characters is by letting them speak for themselves. • A dramatic monologue is a poem in which a single character talks to one or more silent listeners. • A soliloquy is a scene in a play in which a lone character tells his or her thoughts directly to the audience. [End of Section]

9. Flat, Round, and Stock Characters Flat characters • have only one or two character traits • can be described in a few words • are usually minor characters

10. Flat, AND Round Characters Round characters • have many character traits • are complex, like real people • are often major characters

11. Characters may also be either dynamic or static. A dynamic character is one who changes significantly during the course of the story. Changes considered to qualify a character as dynamic include changes in sight or understanding, changes in commitment, and changes in values. Changes in circumstance, even physical circumstance, DONOT apply unless they result in some change within the character's self.

12. Characters may also be either dynamic or static. In contrast, a static character does not undergo significant change. A static character is a literary character that remains basically unchanged throughout a work. Whether round or flat, their personalities remain essentially stable throughout the course of the story.