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Human Factors in Interactive Software Design: Accommodating Human Diversity and Achieving Design Goals

This chapter introduces the importance of human factors in interactive software design and the goals of system engineering. It discusses the accommodation of human diversity, including physical abilities, cognitive abilities, personality differences, cultural and international diversity, and users with disabilities. The chapter also highlights the goals for the profession and the need for interdisciplinary work in user interface engineering.

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Human Factors in Interactive Software Design: Accommodating Human Diversity and Achieving Design Goals

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  1. Chapter 1: Human Factors of Interactive Software • 1.1 Introduction • 1.2 Goals of System Engineering • Steps For User-interface Engineering • 1.3 System - User Interface Design Goals • 1.4 Motivations for Human Factors in Design • 1.5 Accommodation of Human Diversity • Physical abilities and physical workplaces • Cognitive and perceptual abilities • 1.6 Goals for Our Profession

  2. Introduction • User Interfaces Are Products of Interdisciplinary Work • What are the Business Ramifications?

  3. … Introduction • Individual User Level • International Influences

  4. User Interface Engineering • Success requires commitment from designers and managers • Task analysis to ensure proper functionality • Generally alternatives must be compared • Reliability, Availability, Security, and Data Integrity

  5. … User Interface Engineering • Standardization, Integration, Consistency, and Portability • Schedules and Budgets

  6. System - User Interface Design Goals • Define the target user community associated with the interface • Communities evolve and change

  7. …System - User Interface Design Goals • 5 human factors central to community evaluation: • Time to learn • Speed of performance • Rate of errors by users • Retention over time • Subjective satisfaction • Trade-offs sometimes necessary • Test all design alternatives using mock-ups

  8. Motivations for Human Factors in Design • Life-critical systems • Industrial and commercial uses

  9. … Motivations for Human Factors in Design 3. Office, home, and entertainment applications 4. Exploratory, creative, and cooperative systems

  10. Accommodation of Human Diversity • Physical abilities and physical workplaces • Cognitive and perceptual abilities • Personality differences • Cultural and international diversity • Users with disabilities • Elderly Users

  11. Physical Abilities and Physical Workplaces • There is no average user • Take into account dynamic measures such as reach, strength or speed • Account for variances in sense perception • Vision • Touch • Hearing • Workplace design can both help and hinder work performance

  12. Cognitive and Perceptual Abilities • Cognitive processes • factors affecting perceptual and motor performance

  13. Personality Differences • Different theories • Myers-Briggs • Gender differences??

  14. Cultural and International Diversity • special characters • Left-to-right versus right-to-left • Date and time formats • Numeric and currency formats • Weights and measures • Telephone numbers and addresses • Names and titles (Mr., Ms., Mme.) • ID numbers • Capitalization and punctuation • Sorting sequences • Icons, buttons, colors • Pluralization, grammar, spelling • Etiquette, policies, tone, formality, metaphors

  15. Users With Disabilities • Sight, hearing, mobility • Plan early to accommodate • Americans With Disabilities Act

  16. Elderly Users • Forgotten by largely young technologists • Fast growing segment in US • Provide variability

  17. 1.6 Goals for Our Profession • Influencing academic and industrial researchers • Potential research topics • Providing tools, techniques, and knowledge for system implementers • Raising the computer consciousness of the general public

  18. End Chapter 1

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