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Salman bin Abdulaziz University

Salman bin Abdulaziz University . College of Science and Humanity Studies, Al- Kharj. Department of English. Level8 (2nd Semester). Course Symbol & Code: ENG4860. Course Title :Syntax& Morphology. Prepared by . Teacher: Bahia Khalifa Ibrahim. Objectives:.

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Salman bin Abdulaziz University

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  1. Salman bin Abdulaziz University College of Science and Humanity Studies, Al-Kharj

  2. Department of English Level8 (2nd Semester)

  3. Course Symbol & Code: ENG4860 Course Title :Syntax& Morphology

  4. Prepared by • Teacher: Bahia Khalifa Ibrahim

  5. Objectives: • The lecture will provide information about the processes of word formation Different types of these processes.

  6. Word-formation • A process with the result of a new lexeme.

  7. Word-Formation Sub -divisions

  8. Derivation: is one of the major processes of word formation in English. Derivational morphemes can produce new words from existing words in two ways. • First, they can change the meaning of a word. e.g. true, untrue. • Second, they can change the lexical category of a word, e.g.(true) is an adjective, (truly) an adverd, (truth) a noun.

  9. Conversion: A change in the function of a word. Noun→verb • It is also known as category change or function shift. Vacation: they’re vacationing in Egypt. • Have you buttered the toast?

  10. Blending: A combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term. ( taking the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other word). • Backformation: A reduction process; in which one word (noun) is reduced to form another word of a different type( verb) edit(editor) • Donate( donation)

  11. Clipping: A reduction process in which a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form, often in casual speech. Prof( professor), emote( emotion)

  12. Coinage: One of the least common processes of word-formation in English. It is the invention of totally new terms. • Aspirin, nylon • Borrowing: It is the taking of words from other languages. Alcohol ( Arabic) • Boss (Dutch) • Yogurt (Turkish)

  13. Acronyms: Forming new words from the initial letters of a set of other words. • NAS (National American Space Agency) • Radar ( radio detecting and ranging) • Multiple Processes:

  14. Important sites http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHGtn563DQI Morphology 101: Word-formation processes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT-kkKctmDs • Morphology Word Formation(for more examples)

  15. Exercises • Identify the affixes used in the words: unfaithfulness, refillable, telecommunications. • More than one process was involved in the creation of each of these words; what are they? • I just got a new car-phone. • Ali wants to be a footballer. • Another skyjaking has just been reported. • He is papering the bedroom.

  16. Ready-made, brainwash, transcription, fan, misrepresent, AIDS, lab, telecast.

  17. Suggested Topics for research • Levels of Language Analysis • Morphology: Definition & Types • Word formation Processes. • Syntax: Definition, Parts of Speech, syntactic categories. • Syntactic analysis: methods of syntactic analysis.

  18. Grammar: Definition, types of grammar. • Generative grammar • Phrase structure rules • Transformation Generative Grammar • Recent Syntactic Trends.

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