A New Nation

1. A New Nation

2. A New Nation • What are the responsibilities of a country? • What does a country do? • What are some of the things that the new United States must do that it didn’t have to worry about when it was a group of colonies under British control?

3. New Responsibilities • So we’ve discussed the new responsibilities that comes with our new freedom • Now it’s time to create our government • Government—a way in which a group is organized, its laws, its values, etc.

4. Group Work Your group is responsible for creating a brand new government that is in charge of everything that you want it be in charge of in your new society. What type of government will it be? Who will be in charge? What laws will you have? What rights do people have? What are the punishments? Don’t leave anything out!

5. Things to consider: • Type of government? • How it is run? • Who has the power? • Rules/Responsibilities? • Basic rights of individuals? • Punishments? • Voting? Dictatorship? • Trade? • Who makes laws? • Who enforces laws? • Army? • Taxes? • Possible changes? • War? • What do you value?

6. Government Gauntlet • Mr. Forney will throw some scenarios at you and you need to see whether or not the government that you created can handle the problem that is posed. • Good luck!

7. War! • You’re country is attacked by another country! Do you have a means to protect your country and its citizens?

8. New Laws • Is there a way to make new laws in your country?

9. Enforcement • Who is in charge of enforcing the laws that you have? Is there a police force?

10. A court system? • Do you have a court system? Do you have a way to determine the guilt or innocence of people or are they all guilty if charged?

11. Debt • The country is in debt. Do you have a way to get out of it?

12. Murder • Someone commits murder in your country. What will happen next?

13. Death • The leader of your country dies. What will happen next?

14. Basic Rights • What basic rights do citizens of your country have?

15. Punishments • Are people aware of the punishments if laws are broken?

16. Trade • Will you trade with other countries?

17. Overall Grade • Based on what you see, what overall grade would you give your government and why?

18. A New Government—The Articles of Confederation (AOC) Things to remember: -the colonists feared strong central government -each state wanted to control themselves -there are benefits of coming together

19. The AOC • First government of the USA • What is a confederation (confederacy)? • A. Loose collection of states • B. All states equal in power • C. States have all power, national government only has power that states give it • D. Diagram—from board, draw in notebook

20. Problems of the AOC • Homework page • Are these really “problems?”

21. Shay’s Rebellion • Farmer’s uprising that showed the national government couldn’t protect the people • Do the articles need changing?

22. Annapolis Convention • Meeting to change the Articles • Not enough states showed up • Decided to meet later in Philadelphia to either change the Articles or get a new government altogether

23. Constitutional Convention • Meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 where it was decided to get rid of the Articles and create a brand new government

24. Constitutional Convention • Not all states agree as to how this new government should look • Debate and compromises • Main arguments between Federalists and Anti-Federalists

25. Debate? • Federalists • Those who favor ratification of the new Constitution • Strong Central government • James Madison, Ben Franklin

26. Anti-Federalists • Those who were against ratification of the new Constitution • Wanted a Bill of Rights • Thomas Jefferson

27. Three Main Compromises 1. Great Compromise 2. 3/5 Compromise 3. Slave Trade Compromise Using books, answer the following: A. What’s the issue? B. What was decided? C. Who did it favor? D. Who did it hurt?

28. Timeline • Dec 7, 1787—Delaware ratifies Constitution • June, 1788—9th state (VT) ratifies • January, 1789—Washington elected president • May 29, 1790—all states ratify • December, 1791—10 Amendments (Bill of Rights) are added

29. Reading the Constitution • The Red pages in your book • Inside (spine) = actual text • Outside (edges, brown) = translated text • Crossed out parts = changes to the original Constitution that are no longer used

30. It’s like an outline: • Constitution is written using the following: I. Articles 1. Sections • Clauses There are seven Articles to the Constitution I. Legislative Branch II. Executive Branch III. Judicial Branch IV. Relations Among States V. How to Amend the Constitution VI. National Supremacy VII. Ratification of the Constitution

31. Find the following: • 1. Article I, Section 2, Clause 2 • 2. Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 • 3. Article III, Section 1, Clause 1 • 4. Qualifications to be in the Senate • 5. Qualifications to be president

32. The Three Branches • Legislative—makes the laws • Made up of Congress • House of Representatives • Senate

33. The Three Branches • Judicial—interprets the law • Headed by the Supreme Court

34. The Three Branches • Executive—Enforces the law • Lead by the President

35. The Legislative BranchArticle I • The law making branch • Congress • Senate—100 members (2 from each state) • House of Representatives—435 members (ranging from 1-53 from each state) What are the qualifications to be in the Senate and the House?

36. How a Bill Becomes a Law • We will watch “I’m Just a Bill” twice • Write down the steps of how a bill becomes a law

37. The Executive Branch • Headed by the President of the United States -Made of a Cabinet -Group of people who advise the president -Cabinet leaders are called secretaries -They are in charge of departments -President elected by the Electoral College!!

38. The Judicial Branch • Lead by the Supreme Court • 9 members • Have power of “Judicial Review” • To declare a law unconstitutional

39. “No Vehicles in the Park” • The town of Owlville had a park that was being overrun by vehicles of all types. To make the park a place where residents might find peace and enjoyment, the town leaders put up a sign that said “No Vehicles in the Park.” While the law seems clear, there has been some disputes over the interpretation of the law. Decide the following cases taking into account both the letter and intention of the law.

40. John lives on one side of town and works on the other. He will save ten minutes if he drives through the park.

41. To keep the park clean, there are trash cans located throughout the park. The sanitation department wants to drive a garbage truck into the park to collect the garbage.

42. Two police officers are chasing a suspected bank robber. If one cuts through the park, he/she can cut off the bank robber on the other side.

43. An ambulance has a dying car accident victim in the back. The shortest way to the hospital is through the park.

44. Some of the children want to ride their bikes in the park. What about skateboarders?

45. Mrs. Smith wants to take a walk in the park with her child in a baby stroller.

46. A tank has been donated to the park to commemorate the town’s war veterans. Can it be placed in the park?

47. A horse and buggy ride has been proposed to carry people through the park to help boost tourism.

49. Key Ideas that makes it all work: 1. Federalism —organization of power that is opposite the Articles of Confederation • See diagram on board

50. Key Ideas Continued…. 2. Separation of Powers --dividing the power of government among three different branches