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Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation

Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation. RENAISSANCE 1300s - 1500. “rebirth”. Section 1: Renaissance in Italy. Why Italy?. Begins in Italy  spreads north to Europe. New interest in Rome and its “remainders”. Cities survive the Middle Ages.

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Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation

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  1. Chapter 14:Renaissance&Reformation

  2. RENAISSANCE1300s - 1500 “rebirth”

  3. Section 1: Renaissance in Italy Why Italy? Begins in Italy  spreads north to Europe • New interest in Rome and its “remainders” • Cities survive the Middle Ages • North  Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa (trade & manufacturing • Central  Rome; South  Naples   cultural center • Wealthy and Powerful merchant class • stress education and achievement • spend lots of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

  4. Florence • Center of Renaissance • Medici Family – richest merchant and banking family • gain full control government • patron – financial supporter of the arts

  5. What is the Renaissance? HUMANISM –focus on worldly subjects not religious; focus on intellect and education; use ancient ideas in their world • Plague ends  want order  look back to Greece and Rome • Individualism; Talents; adventure; curiosity • Human experience in the here and now PETRARCH – early Humanist  collects Greek and Roman manuscripts; write sonnets (love poems) about a woman

  6. Renaissance Characteristics • Religious figures portrayed in Greek and Roman style • Everyday individuals • Columns, arches, domes • Shading and shadows • Live models – more accurate human portrayal • Perspective – distant objects are smaller to make a 3-D, realistic painting

  7. Vanishing point Perspective

  8. The Totally Masterful New Talents TMNT Leonardo Raphael Michelangelo Donatello

  9. Donatello • very Early Renaissance • Life - size • Realistic DAVID

  10. Leonardo DaVinci • Born in 1452 • “Renaissance Man” • Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany; Optics; Architecture; Music; Engineering

  11. The Last Supper

  12. The Annunciation Mona Lisa

  13. Scientific and Anatomical Study

  14. INVENTOR: Machine gun Armored tank Cluster bombs Submarine Calculator Car Use of solarpower

  15. Michelangelo • Born in 1475 • Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet • Fresco – applying paint to fresh plaster usually on a wall

  16. David Pieta

  17. Garden of Eden The Creation The Sistine Chapel

  18. Sistine Chapel: The Last Judgement

  19. Raphael • Studied the works of Michelangelo and Raphael • Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna

  20. School of Athens

  21. Catiglione – The Book of the Courtier - describes how to act as a member of the royal court; describes ideal man and woman Machiavelli – The Prince - guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power - looks at real rulers - the ends justifies the means; do not have to keep promises Italian Writers

  22. Section 2: The Renaissance Moves North • Begins in Flanders (near North France) • Spain, France, Germany, and England begin Renaissance in 1500s

  23. Albrecht Durer • “German Leonardo” • Traveled to Italy to learn about art and techniques(1494) • Engravings – etch design into metal plate with acid and makes prints. • Portrays religious upheaval.

  24. Flemish Painters Jan & Hubert van Eyck - portray townspeople and realistic images • Develop oil paint

  25. Pietr Bruegel - Bright colors in portrayal of peasant life

  26. Peter Paul Rubens - Blends ideas of Bruegel and Italian Renaissance

  27. Northern Humanists • ERASMUS (Dutch) - produces New Testament in Greek - wants translation of Bible into vernacular – everyday language of ordinary people - chief duty =be open minded and of good will toward others - The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show the ignorant and immoral behavior of his day

  28. Thomas More • Wants social reform • Utopia – describes ideal society where men and women live in peace and harmony; everyone is educated; • Utopian – describes an ideal society

  29. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • 1590-1613 • 37 plays • Comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) • History (Richard III) • Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Othello; Macbeth) • 1,700 new words: bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick

  30. CERVANTES • Spain – early 1600s • Don Quixote – mocks chivalry • Knight who pretends to be on an adventure • Fights a windmill

  31. Printing revolution • Chinese make books first • By 1300 – papermaking in Europe • By 1400s – Germans invent movable type • 1456 – Johann Gutenberg prints first Bible using movable type

  32. Literacy Revolution • More books = cheaper books = more people read and write!!!!! • Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to new things for the first time) Protestant Reformation

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