Chapter 18 Comfort, Rest, and Sleep

1. Chapter 18 Comfort, Rest, and Sleep Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

2. Comfort, Rest, and Sleep • Comfort: )state is which a person is relieved of distress )that facilitates rest and sleep • Rest: (waking state characterized by reduced activity and mental stimulation) • Sleep:(state of arousable unconsciousness) • Safe, clean, and attractive environment contributes to comfort. • Environment: refers to room where the client receives nursing care and its furnishing • LIGHTING—adequate lighting, both natural and artificial is important to the comfort of clients and nursing personnel. Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

3. The Client Environment • Environment: nursing care room, furnishings • Client rooms • Wall: relaxing color schemes, wallpapers • Floor: carpeted or linoleum surface • Lighting: adequate lighting, both natural and artificial is important to the comfort of clients and nursing personnel. • Climate control: • Temperature:most clients are comfortable if temp is 68-74 ˚F • Humidity: Amount of moisture in the air. • Ventilation: Movement of air Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

4. The Client Environment (cont’d) • Room furnishings • Bed • Mattress • Pillows • Linen • Privacy curtain • Overbed table • Bedside stand • Chairs Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

5. Sleep and Rest • Functions of sleep • Reduces fatigue • Stabilizes mood • Improves blood flow to brain • Enhances various physiologic processes (Increasing protein synthesis.) • Improves immune system • Promotes emotional well-being • Improves capacity for learning and memory storage Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

6. Sleep and Rest (cont’d) • Sleep phases • Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) • Quiet sleep • Rapid eye movement (REM) • Active or deepest stage of sleep Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

7. Sleep and Rest (cont’d) • Effect of chronic sleep deprivation • Altered comfort. • Impaired coordination. • Loss of muscle mass and weight. • Increased susceptibility to infection. • Slower wound healing. • Decreased pain tolerance. • Poor circulation. • Unstable moods. • Impaired judgment. Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

8. Sleep and Rest (cont’d) • Sleep cycles • Alternate through NREM and REM phases • Sleep requirements • Vary among different age groups Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

9. Sleep and Rest (cont’d) • Factors affecting sleep • Old age • Light • Activity • Environment • Motivation • Emotions and moods • Food and beverages • Illness • Drugs • Sedatives and tranquilizers • Hypnotics and stimulants Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

10. Sleep Assessment • Sleep questionnaires • Sleep diary • Nocturnal polysomnography • Multiple sleep latency test Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

11. Sleep Disorders • INSOMNIA: difficulty falling asleep, awakening frequently during the night or awakening early. • HYPERSOMINA: characterized by feeling sleepy despite getting normal sleep. • SLEEP APNEA: cessation of breathing. • HYPOPNEA: hypoventilation • PARASOMNIA: conditions associated with activities that cause arousal or partial arousal, usually during transitions in NREM periods of sleep. Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012

12. Nursing Implications • Identify nursing diagnoses • Develop plan of care • Sleep-promoting nursing measures • Maintaining sleep rituals • Reducing intake of stimulating chemicals • Promoting daytime exercise • Adhering to regular schedule for retiring and waking • Progressive relaxation • Back massage • Various techniques and purposes Bader EL Safadi BSN , MSc Fundamental of Nursing - A Feb,05,2012