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What are the basic building blocks of matter?

What are the basic building blocks of matter?. Empedocles – Earth, Air, Water, Fire Democritus – “Nothing exists except atoms and space; everything else is opinion” “Everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity.” Atoms. Leave it to the Chemists.

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What are the basic building blocks of matter?

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  1. What are the basic building blocks of matter? Empedocles – Earth, Air, Water, Fire Democritus – “Nothing exists except atoms and space; everything else is opinion” “Everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity.” Atoms

  2. Leave it to the Chemists Antoine Lavoisier: Changed fanciful names to meaningful names, eg.: Flowers of Zinc  Zinc Oxide Different Gasses in air Phases of matter Water = Hydrogen + Oxygen (1:8)

  3. Dalton and Mendeleev John Dalton: Atoms of different sizes are multiples of Hydrogen Mendeleev: Group “elements” by their chemical properties and weights Periodic Table (1870) had gaps

  4. Michael Faraday and Charge to mass ratios (q/m) Separated Hydrogen and Chlorine Ions (Electrolysis) Particles of electricity in cathode rays Other Faraday things . . . electric motors electromagnetic induction fields

  5. First Summary • We have basic elements (92 or so): Democritus’ atoms. • These are electrically neutral • We have “particles of negative electricity” (electrons)

  6. Atoms What does the atom look like? Electrons could be “boiled off” of materials So electrons came from atoms, but atoms are electrically neutral

  7. What is the structure of the atom? J.J. Thomson: Plum Pudding model Ernest Rutherford: Nuclear Atom Scattering experiments with alphas on Gold

  8. Second Summary • Positively charged center with electrons (Particles of electricity) revolving around • What, if anything, is between electrons and nucleus? • Empty space: Democritus’ vacuum

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