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Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter

Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter. Unit 2. Introduction to the Atom Modern Atomic Theory Subatomic Particles Isotopes Ions. Essential Standards and objectives: 1.1.1 Analyze the structure of atoms, isotopes, and ions. 1.1.2 Analyze an atom in terms of the location of electrons.

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Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter

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  1. Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter Unit 2

  2. Introduction to the Atom • Modern Atomic Theory • Subatomic Particles • Isotopes • Ions • Essential Standards and objectives: • 1.1.1 Analyze the structure of atoms, isotopes, and ions. • 1.1.2 Analyze an atom in terms of the location of electrons. • 1.1.3Explain the emission of electromagnetic radiation in spectral form in terms • of the Bohr model. • 1.1.4 Explain the process of radioactive decay using nuclear equations and half-life. • 2.2.5 Analyze quantitatively the composition of a substance. (Introduction to moles)

  3. Agenda 2/6: Purpose: To determine the structure of an atom • Warm-up: Reading on Atoms • Atomic Theory • Atomic Structure • How is it represented? • Isotopes • How are isotopes represented?

  4. Reading: Cornell notes Essential questions: What are the characteristics of an atom? In your notes: address both individual atoms and atoms of an element

  5. The Atom: Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element. Essential Questions: What is an atom? What is its structure? What determines properties of an element?

  6. Atoms act in orderly, predictable ways.

  7. Modern Atomic Theory • All matter: • Atoms of a given element: • Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed in: • In chemical reactions, atoms are

  8. Atomic Theory (cont.) • To form compounds: Law of Definite Proportions Law of Multiple Proportions

  9. Summary Table: Atomic Structure- Subatomic Particles SubatomicLocationChargeMassImportance ParticleAMU

  10. AMU = relative measurement and used for comparison Atomic Mass Unit AMU The “amu” is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12  (with 6 protons and 6 neutrons) and has a value of 1.660538921×10−27kg.

  11. How small is an atom? • http://ed.ted.com/lessons/just-how-small-is-an-atom

  12. Designation of Atomic Structure • Atomic number (Z): • On the Periodic Table: • Mass number (A): • On the Periodic Table:

  13. 20 Ca 40.08 Designations for the Atomic Structure Atomic number (Z): • On the Periodic Table Mass number (A): • On the Periodic Table

  14. Isotopes

  15. Isotopes - Discovery Education Video

  16. Isotopes (“versions” of the same element) • Atoms of an element with different masses • Naturally occurring • Some are stable and some are radioactive (unstable) • Isotopes of an element have the same number of ___________ and a different number of ______________.

  17. Identifying Isotopes • Isotope Notation 1. 2. On the Periodic Table, the number with the Decimal point is:

  18. Review: What is Z? What is A? Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. In Nature, 12 C 6 6 C Carbon 12.011 Occurs 98.89% frequency 13 C 6 Occurs 1.11 % frequency

  19. Atoms of the Same Element

  20. Atoms of the Same Element

  21. Atomic Mass • Weighted Average Mass of isotopes • Based on the percentage of each isotope present. Mass Abundance • C-12 12.0 x 98.89 = • C-13 13.0 x 1.11=

  22. Grades are often computed using a weighted average. • Suppose that homework counts 10%, quizzes 20%, Labs 10% and tests 60%. • If: homework grade is 92 quiz grade is 68 lab grade is 88 test grade is 81 What’s the overall grade?

  23. Practice - Worksheet • Atomic Structure • Identify the number of proton, neutron, & electrons of an atom of a specific element • Rounding the atomic mass on the Periodic Table gives the mass of the most common isotope • Atomic Number & Isotopes • Correct symbol: A & Z • Complete the table • Complete the questions.

  24. Atomic Number & Isotope

  25. Practice: - worksheet • Find the Average Atomic Mass • Nucleus of each atom is represented • Graphic below #4 - explains #5-7 • Isotopes: Atomic Number & Mass Number • Determine based on the chart – not the PT • 2 Isotope notations • Element – A (X-A) A ZX

  26. Find Average Atomic Mass

  27. Isotopes: Atomic Number & Mass Number

  28. Review & Explain: How does this graphic demonstrate the characteristics of an atom? Make sure that you include each graphic representation in your explanation

  29. Atom: Scanning Tunneling Microscope

  30. Here are several models of the atom as they were developed in history: ............ ...... ................ Development of the Modern Atomic Model

  31. History of Discovering the Atom • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thnDxFdkzZs

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