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The e-MERGE Legacy Survey – an e-MERLIN+JVLA Ultra-Deep Survey

The e-MERGE Legacy Survey – an e-MERLIN+JVLA Ultra-Deep Survey. High-resolution mapping of the µJy radio source population. Tom Muxlow JBCA Manchester Ian Smail , Ian McHardy & the e- MERGE Consortium EVN Symposium - Cagliari 7 th October 2014. ,.

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The e-MERGE Legacy Survey – an e-MERLIN+JVLA Ultra-Deep Survey

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  1. The e-MERGE Legacy Survey – an e-MERLIN+JVLA Ultra-Deep Survey High-resolution mapping of the µJy radio source population Tom Muxlow JBCA Manchester Ian Smail, Ian McHardy & the e-MERGE Consortium EVN Symposium - Cagliari 7th October 2014 ,

  2. Star-formation at High Redshift How does the star-formation density vary with cosmic epoch ? What are the best extinction-free measures of star-formation rate at high redshift ? Radio continuum luminosity correlates with far-infrared emission, - both of which trace star formation in galaxies. Multiple tracers of star-formation rate available – but many are subject to extinction at high z Total amount of star-formation missed from UV surveys at such high redshifts remains uncertain… Madau & Dickinson (2014) Star-formation history from Far-UV + IR high redshift samples (Left) Far-UV (Upper Right) IR (Lower Right) UV data critical in constraining s-f rate density models at high redshift Bouwers et al (2012)Schenker et al (2013) Radio is an excellent tracer of (obscured) star-formation Extinction-free !! – but need to remove AGN contamination – requires spectral information & high angular resolution – can also study AGN - star-formation feedback

  3. Original MERLIN+VLA study of faint radio sources in GOODS-N Muxlow et al 2005 10’10’ L-Band field centredon GOODS-N 92 sources >40µJy. Observed 1996 - 1998 High resolution imaging can morphologically distinguish AGN & SF <70µJy population dominated by s-f galaxies typically at z<1.5  15’ diameter contiguous combination image 178 sources imaged with flux densities >5σ (beam corrected) Wrigley et al in prep. LAS peaks ~1.5” 90% complete to 20µJy Muxlow et al 2005 J123634+621241 z=1.219 starburst False Colour: WFPC 2 Contours: Radio CI 10µJy/bm, 1σ=3.3µJy/bm See poster by Wrigley et al

  4. e-MERGE Survey • A tiered e-Merlin + JVLA + EVN Legacy proposal The e-MERlinGalaxy Evolution Survey • Tier 0 – Normal galaxies out to z ~ 5 • Deep imaging around clusters to utilise amplification by lensing • Tier 1 – Very deep survey of μJy radio source population • Deep imaging of the µJy radio sources in GOODS-N • e-MERLIN Legacy programmes >60 CO-Is from 9 countries Tier 0: Ian Smail [Durham], Tier 1: Tom Muxlow [Manchester] (Deep-narrow – 0.2 sqο) Tier 2: Ian McHardy [Southampton] (via PATT or SuperCLASS?) (Shallow-wide – 2.0 sqο) Tier 0 – 180hrs e-Merlin (L-band) + JVLA-A Tier 1 – 360hrs e-Merlin+40hrs JVA-A (L-band) + [Data Observed] 380hrs e-Merlin+ JVLA-A/B/C (C-band)mosaic [Some test data taken] full sampling of AGN & s-f galaxy radio luminosity function to z~5

  5. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N e-MERLIN matches sensitivity of old (18 days) MERLIN in 24 hrs on source L-band: Single pointing centre, ~20 days including 76m Lovell telescope. Central 12 arcminute field 1 ~ 500nJy/beam (in combination with JVLA) Outer 30 arcminute field 1 ~ 1µJy/beam Lovell – 76m Knockin – 25m

  6. Ultra-deepC-band mosaic + ultra-deep EVN L-Band  AGN activity & feedback e-MERLIN will image ~580 starbursts and ~270 AGN with an angular resolution of ~200 mas, complete to ~3µJy (>10 times deeper than the 2005 study) In the surrounding 800 square arcmins, e-MERLIN will image ~2500 star-forming galaxies and ~1200 AGN brighter than ~6µJy Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N e-MERLIN matches sensitivity of old (18 days) MERLIN in 24 hrs on source L-band: Single pointing centre, ~20 days Central 12 arcminute field 1 ~ 500nJy/beam Outer 30 arcminute field 1 ~ 1µJy/beam 580+270 2500+1200 Population synthesis: Matt Jarvis >5000 sources in 0.2 square degree field

  7. Chi et al 2013 Sub-mm AGN/Starburst composite at z=4.424 Muxlow et al 2005 Original Global VLBI study confirmed AGN core-jets & AGN/starburst composites in high-z sub-mm sources. New ultra deep EVN study to 3µJy (EG078) over central region to study feedback from faint AGN in starbursts PI Mike Garrett – PhD Jack Radcliffe AGN core-jet in 20.6mag elliptical galaxy at z=0.681 Muxlow et al 2005

  8. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N AGN Test Image Test e-Merlin L-band data (1.23-1.74GHz  full uv coverage) ~6 days elapsed, (~48 hrs on source with Lovell)+ 29 hrs JVLA A-array (~10% of Tier 1 e-Merlin allocation) Only a few classical radio galaxy structures – most AGN are small core-jets AGN Wide-angled tail radio galaxy (Total 5.3mJy) JVLA L-Band JVLA C-band C-array mosaic

  9. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N AGN Test Image Test e-Merlin L-band data + 29 hrs JVLA A-array (1.23-1.74GHz BW 512MHz) AGN Wide-angled tail radio galaxy (Total 5.3mJy) CI 10μJy/bm Peak 139 μJy/bm HST ACS: I=22.9mag galaxy z=1.2653 JVLA C-band C-array

  10. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N AGN Test Image Test e-Merlin L-band data + 29 hrs JVLA A-array AGN Wide-angled tail radio galaxy (Total 5.3mJy) JVLA L-Band e-Merlin+JVLA L-Band New Image 300mas beam CI 7.5µJy/bm J123725+621128 e-Merlin+JVLA 0.3” beam CI 7.5μJy/bm Peak 133 μJy/bm Old Image HST ACS: I=22.9mag galaxy z=1.2653 CI 10μJy/bm Peak 139 μJy/bm HST ACS: I=22.9mag galaxy z=1.2653 JVLA C-band C-array

  11. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N Starburst Test Image New Image JVLA L-Band e-Merlin test data +JVLA L-Band 1σ ~2.75µJy/bm - CI 6.2µJy/bm Peak 38µJy/bm Extended steep-spectrum (α>1.62) starburst with embedded AGN? (S1.4 = 393μJy). AGN variability between 1996 & 2013? L1.4 =8.5x1023 W/Hz  Star-formation rate ~200 M๏/yr (0.1-100M๏ assuming Salpeter IMF) Old Image Muxlow et al 2005

  12. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N Starburst Test Image New Image HST ACS: I=19.8mag galaxy z=0.5032 e-Merlin test data +JVLA L-Band 1σ ~2.75µJy/bm - CI 6.2µJy/bm Peak 38µJy/bm Extended steep-spectrum (α>1.62) starburst with embedded AGN? (S1.4 = 393μJy). AGN variability between 1996 & 2013? L1.4 =8.5x1023 W/Hz  Star-formation rate ~200 M๏/yr (0.1-100M๏ assuming Salpeter IMF) EG078 to look for faint radio core…. Bright galaxy core shows BL emission  Optical AGN activity Old Image Muxlow et al 2005

  13. Tier 1: New Ultra-Deep Study of GOODS-N Ultra wide-field data allows imaging to the edge of the outer field: 62mJy FR-II imaged (test data) – 10.4 arcminutes from field centre JVLA L-Band e-Merlin L-Band

  14. Star-formation History of the Universe - from Starburst Luminosities The co-moving Star-Formation Rate Density of the Universe from L-Band radio studies by Seymour et al (2008), Haarsma et al (2000), & UV, Hα, Far-IR… Hopkins (2004) L-Band results from the e-MERGE survey will provide data for several thousand more sources  tightening the Seymour error bars by a factor ~4 & extending to z~5 Does it stay flat to z~5 ? Seymour et al 2008 Haarsma et al 2000 Hopkins 2004

  15. ● Starburst Sub-mm 40µJy 3µJy 0.3µJy Tier 0: Imaging sub-µJygalaxies A single L-Band pointing on a strong lensing cluster A2218 (z=0.18). e-MERGE will characterise the µJy & sub-µJy radio source population  the target population for the SKA in future high redshift SF studies Old MERLIN+VLA imaging Expect ~50 amplified sources with intrinsic fluxes as faint as 300nJy Measure faint radio counts May include SF galaxies with SFR~200M๏/yr to z~5 Tier 1 imaging Tier 0 imaging (+Tier 1 stacking)

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