Engineering Disciplines

Engineering Disciplines Chapter 5

Acoustical Engineering Overture Hall in Madison, WI • Deals with properties of sound in a space • Drawn upon to plan, improve, or perfect an architectural space • Investigate how different noises and background sounds affect productivity • Deal with two basic properties of sound: reflection and absorption • Help design Halls to Speaker Casings http://www.overturecenter.com/overture_hall.htm

Automotive Engineering • Plan, coordinate, and implement specifications for new vehicles, engineering every part • Make mechanical aspects of vehicle fit into the automotive designer’s plan • Usually trained with Bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering Ford’s 2003 Hybrid Escape Prototype http://www.velocityjrnl.com/jrnl/2003/vmd9419ov.html

Challenges for Auto Engineers • Emissions Laws • Develop engines that burn fuel cleaner • Cost • Making product financially viable and appealing • Shared Platforms • Cars of different brands, same parent company • Performance • More powerful engines without skyrocketing price • Consumer Demands • Must design what consumers want

Aerospace Engineering NASA Space Shuttle Atlantis • Design, develop, test, and help manufacture aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft • Can be divided into two fields • Aeronautical • Astronautical • Develop new technologies for use in commercial and military http://www.nasa.gov

Aeronautical Engineers F-117 Nighthawk and KC-135 Stratotanker • Develop technology for use in aviation, defense systems, and attack projectile weaponry • Structural design, guidance, navigation and control systems just a few specializations http://xray.sai.msu.ru/~polar/html/what.html

Astronautical Engineering NASA Rover Project • Develop technology for use in space exploration • Develop planes that can operate in space and on earth as well as booster rockets www.acroname.com/ mars.html

Agricultural Engineering • Traces roots back thousands of years • Production and processing of agricultural products is primary concern • Power machinery, food processing, soils and water, structures, electrical technologies, and bioengineering are specializations Combine at Harvest Time http://www.awgfarms.com/

Bioengineering • Application of engineering principles to biological systems • Encompass biology, chemistry, physics, technology science, and medicine to solve health care problems • Work with geneticists in producing genetically manipulated products • Bacteria for curing illness • Disease-resistant plants

Biomedical Engineering AbioCor Artificial Heart • Design and development of devices to solve medical challenges • Devices for more mobility • Chemical processes necessary for artificial organs to function • Electrical challenges in pacemaker designs • Develop non-surgical instruments as well http://www.tmc.edu/thi/summary.html

Chemical Engineering • Take what chemists do in a lab and apply fundamental engineering, chemistry and physics principles, design and develop processes to produce products • Detergents • Paints • Fertilizers • Petroleum Products • Food Products • Electronic Circuit Boards

Civil Engineering Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong • Designing and supervising construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, bridges and water/sewage systems • Must keep environment in well-being • Population shifts, urban planning, zoning laws, and building codes must be followed www.surrey.ac.uk/ eng/pg/civil/progcivi.htm

Architectural Engineering Taipei 101 Taipei, Taiwan • Concerned with form, function, and appearance of a structure • Combines structural and functional concerns with aesthetic concerns of architect http://www.brianmicklethwait.com/culture/cat_architecture.shtml

Transportation Engineers Bangkok Mass Transit System • Concerned with design and construction of highways, railroads and mass transit systems • Optimization and operation of systems http://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/metro/siemens_metro/

Water Resource Engineers • Provide safe and reliable supplies of water for communities • Design and operate purification systems and testing www.ce.utexas.edu/ dept/area/ewre/welcome.html

Surveyors • Locate property lines • Establish alignment and proper placement of engineering projects • Use satellite and aerial terrestrial photography data www.temple.edu/history/ amhist2images.html

Urban Planning Engineers • Incorporate components of a city to meet the population’s needs • Adequate housing • Efficient transportation • Open spaces http://www.dalian-gov.net/chinese/2000qiye/zhu/en/ghshj-e.htm

Computer Engineering • Apply theories of science and math to design hardware, software, networks, processors and chips • Improve computer performance with optimization • Design means of data communication and ways to protect that information http://www.brightonnet.co.jp/products/product03.html

Construction Engineers • Management and operation of construction projects • Interested in improving construction methods and materials • Safer, more reliable, cost effective, and environmentally friendly methods designed and developed Photo Courtesy of Structural Steel Erectors -Milwaukee, WI

Electrical Engineering • Responsible for the design, development, testing, and supervision of the manufacture of electrical equipment • Household appliances to guidance systems • Most populated of engineering disciplines • Eight Areas of Electrical Engineering detailed ahead http://www.iit.edu/alumni/updates/yearbook/1920s/

Areas 1 - 4 • Computers • Communication • Global Positioning Systems, Fiber Optics and Lasers, and Wireless Technology • Circuits and Solid State Devices • Microelectronics • Control • Digital controllers allow for safer and more efficient operation of power plants, airplanes, etc.

Areas 5 - 8 • Instrumentation • Devices to measure pressure, temperature, flow rate, speed, using telemetry • Signal Processing • Electrical signals from instruments need to be conditioned before information is used • Bioengineering • Power • Most traditional aspects of Electrical Engineering • Production of electrical power

Environmental Engineering • Application of science in the pursuit of making the world a safer place for humans and animals • Evolved to to improve and protect the environment while keeping pace with the growth of industry • Includes air pollution, industrial hygiene, radiation protection, etc

Environment Challenges • Disposal • Disposal and processing of industrial and residential waste • Remediation • Cleaning up of contaminated sites • Prevention • Reduce or eliminate harmful waste • Work with manufacturing engineers

Fire Protection Engineers • Design fire sprinkler, alarm systems, exit and control systems • Compile risk analyses on major facilities and consult with architects on projects • Investigates fires and explosions, helping local fire departments solve the cause of a fire http://www2.hickam.af.mil/pacaf/newsarchive/2002/2002116a.htm

Food Processing Engineers • Providing healthier products to consumers who increasingly rely on processed food products • Design processing, handling, and packaging equipment for the food industry

Genetic Engineering • Specific application of genetic manipulation techniques to engineering projects • Sometimes called biotechnologists • Human, plant, animal, and microorganism can all be associated under Genetic Engineering http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/engg.htm

Geological Engineering • Involves land and water • Investigate sites for dams, bridges, and tunnels • Build and maintain earth-related power sources as well as work on oil drilling sites http://www.mtu.edu/environmental/geo/

Industrial Engineering • Interdisciplinary field that involves integration of technology, mathematical models, and management practices • Work within many industries • Production • Manufacturing • Human Factors • Operations Research

Manufacturing Engineering • Everything done is tied to production of goods • Design a process or a system to solve a problem • Must know how to use a variety of resources • Machines • Robots • People • Computer-Based Controls • Information Networks http://www.battelle.org/healthcare/html/ManufacturingEngineering.stm

Marine and Ocean Engineering • Concerned with the exploration of oceans, transportation of products over water, and utilization of resources in world’s oceans, seas and lakes http://www.battelle.org/healthcare/html/ManufacturingEngineering.stm

Marine Engineering • Focus on design, development, and operation of ships and boats • Subsystems so ship may serve its purpose • Propulsion • Navigation • Steering • Work along with naval architects

Ocean Engineers • Involved with interaction of oceans and areas they come into contact with • Wave action on beaches • Docks • Buoys • Moorings • Harbors • Design ways to reduce erosion while protecting the marine environment

Materials Science Engineers Carbon Fiber Composite SMV Madison West H.S., Madison, WI • Develop new materials, improve traditional, and produce materials reliably and economically through synthesis and processing • Concerned with four areas of materials • Structure • Properties • Processes • Performance http://www.imagine101.com/red_ra.htm

Mechanical Engineering • Involved with design, development, production, control, operation, and service of machines and mechanical devices • Strength of parts and stresses to which they will be subjected too • Composed of two main divisions: • Design and Controls • Thermal Sciences

Mineral and Mining Engineering • Maintain the flow of raw materials by discovering, extracting and processing minerals for products • Design and maintain tunnels used in extracting minerals • Processing procedures to make raw materials into usable forms

Nuclear Engineering • Use and control of energy from nuclear sources for electricity production, propulsion systems, waste disposal and radiation applications • Develop safe and reliable means to dispose of nuclear wastes

Petroleum Engineering • Work with geologists and geophysicists in exploration, removal, transportation and refining of crude oil • Designs, develops and operates drilling equipment and facilities needed to transport and refine the oil safely

Robotics and Automated Systems Engineers • Programs robots to do different tasks and explorations • Meets with team members to discuss and share ideas • More efficient and skilled robots are needed to assemble more complex products • Artificial Intelligence slowly becoming reality Honda ASIMO Robot http://www.21stcentury.co.uk/robotics/honda_asimo_robot.asp

Software Engineering • Do the coding for programs on computers • Computer Applications Software Engineers • Program utilities and programs for internal use in an office • Computer Systems Software Engineer • Coordinates technical systems and growth within a company • Function in many different business areas as technical supports, program developers, or customer service installing software

Structural Engineering • Most common type of civil engineer • Concerned with integrity of the structure of buildings, bridges, dams and highways • Evaluate loads which structures will be subjected to in their environment Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse http://www.nwwf.com/profile/piegig01.htm

Engineering Disciplines