Relationships between diets and illnesses

1. Relationships between diets and illnesses

2. Relating to the European Science and Technology Project, we decided to work on the subject “Relationships between illnesses and diets”. So, we are going to give some examples and to testify with some interviews about people who suffer from these diseases. To give a better idea, this work shall have informations to clarify your doubts about this subject!

3. Obesity

4. In what consists the disease? Obesity consists in a overweight caused by the increase of the adipose tissues. The main factors that lead to the disease are: - Consuming aliments that have a great amount of fatness; - Diminution of the energetical consume, a lot of times associated to the lack of physical activity; - Genetically predisposition that some people have.

5. Dangers: Physical Damages • heart diseases, such as strokes; • high colhesterol, diabetes, and arterial hipertension, which increases the risk of getting, by an indirect way, heart diseases; • low mobility, that causes higher risks of falling, and other type of physical injuries.

6. Psicological Damages • Depressions; • Discrimination; • Isolament; • Afective needs; • Anxiety; • Insecurity.

7. Symptomes: Physicals • overweight; • breading dificulties; • high blood pressure; • bad blood circulation; • high tireness.

8. Psicologicals • Stress; • Hipercalorical feeding; • Eating without hunger; • Sedentarism; • Meal’s indiscipline.

9. Did you know that … The bigger or smaller degree of obesity depends on the IMC ´(Índice de Massa Corporal). So, there are different kinds of obesity: Degree: 0 IMC: 20 to 24,9 Classification: normal Degree: 1 IMC: 25 to 29,9 Classification: Overwheight

10. Degree: 2 IMC: 30 to 39,9 Classisfication: Obesity Degree: 3 IMC: > 40 Classification: Morbid Obesity To calculate the IMC: IMC = weight height 2

11. Cholesterol

12. In what consists the disease? • The high cholesterol levels in blood are due to a bad feeding especially to an excessive consume of food that possues this molecule. • The high cholesterol levels are also due to an hepatical production that envolves a complexe metabolic process. • When there’s a high cholesterol’s level in your blood, it accumulates itself on veins’ walls, making them harder. Consequently, they get narrower, making it more difficult for the blood to get the heart. This deficit of oxygen provokes many diseases at the cardiovascular level.

13. In our organism, cholesterol is transported by several groups of molecules: • L.D.L. (low density lipoproteins); • H.D.L. (high density lipoproteins); • V.L.D.L. (very low density lipoproteins). • Almost 40% of cholesterol’s transportation is made by L.D.L’s. So we can check a co-relationship between the concentration of L.D.L.’s and the risk of heart diseases and an inverse relationship with H.D.L.’s.

14. Almost 40% of cholesterol’s transportation is made by L.D.L’s. So we can check a co-relationship between the concentration of L.D.L.’s and the risk of heart diseases and an inverse relationship with H.D.L.’s. • The cholesterol’s excess in blood settles in arteries wich transport the blood to heart. This settle will cause an arteries hardening. • With the elevation of cholesterol levels, plackets become more reactive, making the blood more viscous and get the arteries and veins blocked.

15. Dangers: • Angina Pectoris: Strong and opressive pain, that start’s showing up in brest. It’s generally caused by na arteris obstruction that carry the blood to heart. • Arteriosclerosis: It’s caracterized by the formation of a plate, in the inner face from a arterie, that results from the cholesterol deposits. • Stroke: Subitalabscense of blood suply to a certain area of the cardiac muscle. That causes the death of that muscle. • V.C.A : Lost of the cerebral function, made by a block of a sanguineal vase that carries the blood to brain.

16. Symptomes: This disease doesn’t show many symptomes, but we will give you some alert signals to identify the disease: • Lack of air; • Feeling of weight in chest; • Discomfort in other points in the upper part of body.

17. Advices: • Have a balanced diet, rich in fish and vegetables. • Avoid eating aliments with high levels in fat. • Practise physical exercise. • Avoid sedentarism caused by daily life. • Drink huge quantaties of water.

18. Did you Know that… In each 33 seconds, a life is lost due to cardiovascular diseases, including the cardio diseases and V.C.A’s. Think about it !!!

19. Hypertension

20. In what consists the disease? • Hypertension may have several causes. Amongst them are renal or arterial diseases . • When Hypertension comes from factors such as the consume of medicines, it’s called secundary arterial hypertension. • However, obesity and alchoolism also may carry to hypertension. • Almost 90% from the hypertenses suffer from a type of hypertension, known as essencial hypertension, whose cause isn’t known. Hypertension can also be hereditary. • Heart, to take the blood to all parts pf mour body, must beat with a certain “strenght”. To that “strenght” we name blood pressure.

21. Blood presure depends on the activities that we make. For example, if we make physical exercise, blood pressure gets lower. If we don’t makew exercise it gets higher. • The blood pressure is bigger when the heart contracts itself. This pressure is called Maximum pressure. When the heart distends, the pressure in the interior of the arteries is smaller, and it’s called minimum arterial pressure. If it doesn’t exist pressure in the inside of the arteries, the blood couldn’t circulate. • You are hypertense if: • your interior pressure levels are up to140 and /or 90 mmHg. • When the blood values are inferior to 140 and 90 mmHg, it’s said that the patient is hypotense, if the values are too low.

22. Symptomes: Usualy this disease doesn’t show any kind of synptomes. • It’s common that the patient mesures his blood pressure when his head or feel dizzy, but these symptomes are common to a lot of diseases . So, the patient doesn’t worry about it. • In many cases, the patient find out he’s hypertense when he suffrer a VC.A. or a heart attack. • For all these reasons, we advice you to measure your arterial pressure regularly !!!!!!!!!!!

23. Treatment: • In the begining, hypertension should be treated with a balanced diet, avoiding salt and calories. • Do not consume alchoolic drinks and practice physical exercise are also a good method to fight the disease. • If these mesures don’t work, you should go to a doctor and try a pharmacal treatment.

24. Diabetes

25. In what consists the disease ? • Diabetes is a chronical disease caracterized by the increase of sugar levels in blood. This increase is called hyperglicemia. • This disease results from a disorder in the use of our main energy supply - glucose. • There’s a substance in our body that is necessary to take glucose to every part of our body, so that it could be used as energy. This substance is called insulin.

26. Symptomes : • Pee frequently; • Intense and usual thirst; • Constant hunger; • Turve vision; • Tireness; • Dry mouth;

27. Dangers: • Risk of blindness; • Renal problems; • Amputation risk due to bad blood pressure; • Sexual disfunction; • Injuries in blood glands; • Heart injuries;

28. Treatement : There are two types of diabetics: type 1 and type 2. • Type 1: needs from insulin injections to maintain the sugar levels in blood stable. They must have a balanced diet (avoid sugar), and practise physical exercise. • Type 2 : the diabetics from this type need to take some care with their alimentation. They also need to make some physical exercise. But the main tratment from this type is the administration of pills in order to maintain the insulin levels stable in the normal values.

29. Did you know that … • You’re diabetic if : • You have an ocasional sugar level from 200 mg /dl in blood or upper; • It’s the fourth bigger cause of death in developed countries. • There are mmore than 500 000 portuguese diabetics and every year are diagnosed about 25 000 new cases.

30. Work made by: .André Coelho Nuno Trindade Hugo Lucas Vanessa Oliveira João Ramos Escola Secundária da Amadora, Portugal