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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. PP 979-991. FUNCTION. Breakdown of food into simpler molecules which are then absorbed One long tube from mouth to anus. NUTRIENTS. carbohydrates, fats, proteins minerals: help balance osmosis and the function of certain cells (i.e muscle cell)

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PP 979-991

  2. FUNCTION • Breakdown of food into simpler molecules which are then absorbed • One long tube from mouth to anus

  3. NUTRIENTS carbohydrates, fats, proteins minerals: help balance osmosis and the function of certain cells (i.e muscle cell) vitamins: aid enzyme activity water: accounts for half of your body weight

  4. DIGESTIVE TRACTMOUTH AND ESOPHAGUS • Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva • Breaks down carbs to monosaccharides • Bolus (food ball) travels down esophagus to stomach

  5. STOMACH • Muscle contractions break bolus a part • Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids • HCl keeps stomach acidic so the pepsin can work

  6. LIVER • Produces bile that breaks makes the fat molecules smaller

  7. GALL BLADDER • Stores bile and secretes it into the small intestine

  8. PANCREAS • Secretes sodium bicarbonate (base) into small intestine to neutralize acid

  9. SMALL INTESTINE • Trypsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins • High surface area (villi and microvilli) for nutrient absorption • Surrounded by blood vessels

  10. LARGE INTESTINE/COLON • Absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins

  11. Figure 41.19 2 1 3 Food Bile Liver Stomach Secretin and CCK Chyme  Gastrin Gastric juices  Gastric juices Gallbladder CCK  Pancreas HCO3, enzymes Duodenum of small intestine Secretin CCK   Key Stimulation Inhibition  

  12. Figure 41.21 Satiety center Ghrelin  Insulin  Leptin  PYY 

  13. Salivary glands Esophagus Liver Stomach Pancreas Gall bladder Large intestine/colon Small intestine

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