Human Body Systems

1. Create by Mrs. Herman 2013 Human Body Systems

2. Skeletal System • What is the skeletal system? • Bones, cartilage, joints and other structures. • What is the function? • give us shape and support • Enables us to move • protect our internal organs • Store calcium, minerals and fat • Produce blood cells http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX0a5c1b677557007c776141&t=Skeletal-System

3. Joints and ligaments • Joints are the place where two bones meet. • Ligaments are the tissue that connect bones to other bones.

4. Muscular System http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX710e4305426d0d0f607351&t=Skeletal-System • What is a muscle? • Made of strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way. • Function: • Attached to bones to provide support and balance • Protect your body • Helps body maintain a constant temperature.

5. Voluntary vs. Involuntary muscles • Voluntary - muscles are the ones that you can control. • Some examples include your muscles to move your arm or legs. • Involuntary muscles don't need the brain to send them messages. • Some examples are:  the muscles in your heart, the muscles in your digestive system which move food down to your stomach and The tiny muscles at the bottom of the hairs on your arms which make your hairs stand up when you are cold, or suddenly feel scared.

6. Types of muscles • Cardiac – involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart • Skeletal – the type of muscle that attaches to bone. • Smooth – involuntary muscles. Contraction of the smooth muscles help move material through the body such as food in the stomach or controls the movement of blood through vessels.

7. Homeostasis • Muscular system helps the body maintain homeostasis by: • Muscle contractions help to keep your body warm • Heart muscles contract more often during exercise to get more oxygen to your cells and release carbon dioxide.

8. Digestive System http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource.html

9. Digestive System • Function: to turn the food you eat into useful energy for your body. • 4 steps of the digestive system • Ingestion – the act of eating or putting food in your mouth • Digestion – the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb. • Absorption – nutrients and water are taken in by cells • Elimination – removal of undigested food and other waste from the body

10. Digestive System & Homeostasis The digestive system maintains homeostasis by providing nutrients (fuel) for all other body systems.

11. Excretory System Function: collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body. Several different body systems make up the excretory system.

12. Types of Excretion • Urinary System processes, transports, collects and removes liquid waste • Respiratory System removes carbon dioxide and water vapor • Integumentary System (skin) secretes excess salt and water though the sweat glands. • Digestive System removes unused, solid waste

13. Organs of the Urinary System kidney ureter bladder urethra

14. Respiratory System http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/RSmovie.html • Function: to bring oxygen into the body and get rid of carbon dioxide. • Parts of the Respiratory System include: • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs • Alveoli

15. Maintaining Homeostasis The muscular system (diaphragm) interacts with the respiratory system (lungs) so you can breathe.

16. Circulatory System • Also called your Cardiovascular System • Made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) • Your body's delivery system. • Blood moving from the heart, delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. • On the return trip, the blood picks up waste products so that your body can get rid of them

17. Blood Function: Blood connects the circulatory system with all other body systems. It transports substances throughout the body, helps protect against infection and helps regulate your body’s temperature.

18. Parts of Blood • Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen. • White Blood Cells – fight infections. • Platelets – help you stop bleeding. • Plasma – yellow liquid that carries nutrients, hormones and proteins.

19. The Heart http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/heart.html

20. Immune and Lymphatic System

21. Function of the Immune System • The immune system defends the body against germs and microorganisms every day. • Different parts of your body work together to keep pathogens (something that causes disease like bacteria, viruses or harmful chemicals) from making you sick.

22. Parts of the Immune System • The immune system is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs.

23. First Line of Defense • Function: keeping germs from reaching parts of the body. http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/ISmovie.html

24. Second Line of Defense White blood cells – attack pathogens Inflammatory response – cleans injured area and keeps infection from spreading.

25. Third Line of Defense Third line defenders called antibodies are specific to foreign substances antigens.

27. What is Immunity The resistance to specific pathogen. The immune system works to maintain homeostasis by protecting against invaders.

28. Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System is part of the immune system and helps destroy microorganisms that enter the body.

29. Functions of the Lymphatic System • absorbs some of the tissue fluid that collects around cells. • absorbs fats from the digestive system and transports them to the circulatory system. • filters dead cells, viruses, bacteria, and other unneeded particles from tissue fluid and then returns the tissue fluid to the circulatory system. • helps fight off illness and infections and includes structures in which white blood cells develop.

30. Parts of the Lymphatic System • Lymph • Lymph Vessels • Lymph Nodes • Bone Marrow • Thymus • Spleen • Tonsils

31. Lymphatic System and Homeostasis • regulating fluid buildup around cells. • supports the circulatory system by cleaning fluids and replacing them in the bloodstream. • supports overall health by helping fight infection.

32. The Nervous System The Nervous System is the part of an organism that gathers, processes and responds to information.

33. Function of the Nervous System • Gathering Information • Responding to Stimuli • Maintaining Homeostasis

34. Parts of the Nervous System • The Central Nervous System • the brain • The spinal cord • The Peripheral Nervous System • Somatic system – controls the skeletal muscles • Autonomic system – controls smooth and cardiac muscles

35. How it works Neurons – nerve cells are the basic functioning unit of the nervous system

36. A dendrite receives information from another neuron or from another cell in your body. • The cell body processes that information • The axon sends information out to another neuron or cell in your body.

37. The Brain – the Control Center Function- It receives information, processes it and sends out a response. It also stores information as memories.

38. 3 parts – 3 functions • Cerebrum – controls memory, language and thought. • Cerebellum – coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance and posture. (stores information about those movements about riding a bicycle or tying a shoe) • Brain stem – controls involuntary functions. (sneezing, swallowing and coughing)

39. Maintaining Homeostasis • Your body maintains homeostasis by receiving information from your environment and responding to it. • The nervous system signals other systems such as the digestive, endocrine, and the circulatory system