1 / 35

Bab 2: wawasan dasar sistem komunikasi

Bab 2: wawasan dasar sistem komunikasi. Oleh: nonot harsono. Siskom di sekitar kita. Telepon: lokal, interlokal, international Radio broadcast (siaran): AM (MW), FM (mono, stereo) TV broadcast: via Microwave, or Satellite Telepon seluler: AMPS, GSM, CDMA Pager

dacey
Download Presentation

Bab 2: wawasan dasar sistem komunikasi

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Bab 2: wawasan dasar sistem komunikasi Oleh: nonot harsono

  2. Siskom di sekitar kita • Telepon: lokal, interlokal, international • Radio broadcast (siaran): AM (MW), FM (mono, stereo) • TV broadcast: via Microwave, or Satellite • Telepon seluler: AMPS, GSM, CDMA • Pager • Radio dua arah: CB (citizent band), amatir radio (ORARI), polisi, PMK, dll. • Komunikasi Data: via jaringan telepon, via INTERNET • dan lain-lain

  3. STO reg STO reg Level regional STO prop STO prop Level propinsi STO kab STO kab STO kab STO kab Level kabup STO lokal STO lokal STO lokal STO lokal Level kecamatan Jaringan telepon Apabila trafik telepon padat, antar kabupaten bisa saja dihubungkan langsung menggunakan serat optik atau pun Microwave, atau yg lain

  4. Komunikasi Voice/percakapan • Komunikasi Voice/telepon memerlukan: • Piranti sumber • Sistem switching STO telepon atau PBX • Kanal komunikasi  jaringan kabel atau radio • Piranti tujuan • Saluran/kanal/sambungan harus tetap terjaga selama terjadi percakapan • Jadi memerlukan dedicated connection

  5. Radio Broadcast 100 MHz SS-FM Radio siaran FM menempati band frekuensi 88 MHz ~ 108 MHz Radio siaran AM(MW) menempati band fre- kuensi 535 kHz ~ 1605 kHz

  6. Transmisi Microwave Terrestrial utk Telepon, TV, Data Gelombang mikro Misalnya: 2 GHz repeater repeater 30 ~ 50 km

  7. Stasiun Penerima Stasiun Pengirim Siskom Satellite utk TV, Telepon, Internet Down Link C band = 4 GHz Up Link C band = 6 GHz

  8. Cellular Telephone Ke/dari STO lain Cell 1 Cell 2 STO Telepon rumah Cell 3 Mobile Switching Center (MSC) BTS ke/dari MSC lain BTS: base transceiver station sebutan lain  RBS: radio base station

  9. Sistem Pager Kode + sinyal pembawa info Misal: 4859 148,7 MHz Kode akses: xxxx PT Pager Hanya penerima yang kodenya cocok saja yang akan aktif dan membaca informasi yang dikirim

  10. pemancar pemancar penerima penerima Radio Dua-arah (two-way) pemancar pemancar penerima penerima • Contoh: • CB (citizent band) yang bekerja pada frekuensi sekitar 27 MHz atau 11m band; di bawah organisasi RAPI • Radio Amatir dengan organisasi ORARI-nya; bekerja dibanyak frekuensi (HF, VHF, UHF), misalnya 80m, 2m band, 470MHz, dll

  11. Transmission Types • Simplex transmission, messages can be carried in only one direction. • Half-duplex, messages can be carried in both directions just not simultaneously. • Full-duplex, messages can be carried in both directions simultaneously.

  12. Komunikasi Data/komputer • Komunikasi data adalah komunikasi antar komputer baik dalam lingkup yang kecil maupun besar (LAN, WAN, MAN, Internet) • Pengguna Internet meningkat pesat seiring dengan makin banyaknya jenis layanan • Tidak harus menguasai/menduduki saluran end-to-end selama transmisi data • Menggunakan teknologi “packet switching”, artinya data dari sumber tidak dikirim sekaligus tetapi dipecah-pecah menjadi paket-paket kecil

  13. Komunikasi data via jaringan telepon • Computers can only process digital signals • If data is transmitted using analog signaling, it must be converted into a digital signal before the computer can process it…… • Ruas jaringan telepon dari rumah ke STO, umumnya adalah untuk voice analog • Ruas STO ke STO adalah ruas transmisi digital • Output komputer yang digital harus diubah menjadi nada-nada (analog) agar bisa melewati jaringan telepon

  14. Modems • MOdulation - converting digital signals into analog form (=berfungsi mengubah sinyal digital menjadi sinyal analog) • DEModulation - converting analog signals back into digital form (= berfungsi mengubah sinyal analog menjadi sinyal digital kembali)

  15. Data Channels • Bandwidth is used to describe the capacity of a communications medium • BPS, bits per second • kHz, kilohertz • MHz, megahertz • Narrowband (transmission speeds of 64 kbps or less) • Wideband (transmission speeds between 64 kbps and 1.544 Mbps) • Broadband (transmission rates of 1.544 Mbps or higher)

  16. Dikatakan bahwa sinyal output dari generator menempati band frekuensi selebar BW Hz, misalnya 300 ~ 3400 Hz Output Generator sinyal 1. frek BW Sinyal input Sinyal output 2. frek frek kanal BWout BWin Misalnya BWin = 10 kHz dan BWout = 8 kHz, maka dikatakan bahwa Bandwidth dari kanal adalah sebesar 8 kHz. 3. Perhatikan 2 informasi berikut! 1. Frek = 100 kHz 2. BW = 100 kHz Sudah terbayangkah makna/gambaran fisik dari kedua info tersebut? 100kHz frek frek 100kHz Ilustrasi ttg Bandwidth (domain frek)

  17. Dikatakan bahwa data ini memiliki bandwidth sebesar 64 kbps Output: Data dengan “kecepatan” 64 kbps (kilo bit per second) Sumber data Sumber data 24x64 kbps 1,544 Mbps 64 kbps 64 kbps MUX (multiplexer) 2 Mbps 64 kbps Ilustrasi ttg Bandwidth (domain waktu / digital) 1. Sumber data 30x64 kbps 2. Maka dikatakan bahwa kanal ini mempunyai bandwidth 64 kbps Kanal bisa dilalui data dengan kecepatan maksimum 64 kbps kata lain: kecepatan akses (access rate) 3. Sumber data 128 kbps Sisi penerima BW = 64 kbps

  18. Telecommunication Technology • ISDN • Integrated service digital network • Allows voice and data on same digital line using copper wire • up to 1.5 Mbps • DSL • digital subscriber line technology • up to 8 Mbps over copper wire. • Cable Modems • allow transmission of Internet traffic through the cable TV network. • Up to 2.5 Mbps (not all are two-way)

  19. Teknologi transmisi digital • T-carrier systems are digital transmission systems that take analog voice circuits and converts them to digital form for transmission. Companies typically lease T lines. • T1 – 1.5 Mbps • T2 – 6.3 Mbps • T3 – 44.7 Mbps • T4 – 274.2 Mbps E1 – 2 Mbps E2 – 8 Mbps E3 – 32 Mbps E4 – 128 Mbps E5 – 512 Mbps

  20. Communication Protocol • A communication protocol is essentially a set of codes or conventions used for facilitating communications between hardware and software. • IP or Internet Protocol directs packets on the Internet. • TCP or Transmission control protocol puts the packets in their correct sequence. • HTTP or hyper text transfer protocol is used to transmit web pages over the Internet. • Mobile IP provides IP routing for mobile devices.

  21. Protocol • Sekumpulan aturan main yang memungkinkan komponen-komponen jaringan untuk bisa saling berkomunikasi satu dengan yang lain • handshaking protocol • identify each device • secure attention of other device • transmission protocol • verify correct receipt of message • send re-transmit message if necessary • recover error and re-transmit

  22. Computer Networks • A computer network is used to connect multiple uses and computing devices together, using telecommunications technologies.

  23. Computer Networks • Two types of networks • Server-based networks • Peer-to-peer networks • Four classes of networks • Local Area Network (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Wide Area Network (WAN) • Personal Area Network (PAN)

  24. Peer to peer vs server based

  25. Computer Networks • How are they physically set up? • STAR • BUS • Token Ring

  26. Network Topology • Star • central host is connected to several other computers • all communications must pass through the host

  27. Network Topology • Bus • computers are linked by a single loop circuit • all messages transmitted over entire network • data pass in either direction

  28. Network Topology • Token Ring • number of computers are linked by a closed loop • data passes in a single direction

  29. Akhir dari Bab 2 • diskusi

More Related