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Quality of current PM emission inventories. Kristin Rypdal, Chair of Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections With input from Zbigniew Klimont (IIASA), Vigdis Vestreng (MSC-W) and Brinda Wachs (UNECE Secretariat). Overview. Emission estimates Reporting requirements Sources Trends
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Quality of current PM emission inventories Kristin Rypdal, Chair of Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections With input from Zbigniew Klimont (IIASA), Vigdis Vestreng (MSC-W) and Brinda Wachs (UNECE Secretariat)
Overview • Emission estimates • Reporting requirements • Sources • Trends • Completeness in reporting • Uncertainties • TFEIP work • PM task group • Emission Inventory Guidebook • Review • Guidelines revisions
Emission estimates – reporting requirements • TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 are part of the EMEP emission reporting tables • How mandatory? • Not linked to any Protocol • EB decision 2002/10 links reporting to Convention itself and specifically mentions PM (”should exchange available information on … data on emissions”) • Conclusion: Weaker obligations than for main pollutants, but part of ”expected” reporting • 29 of 33 Parties included data on at least one PM in 2005
Uncertainties • PM Scientific workshop in 2004 (EC JRC/TFEIP) • Methods are available for most sources, but has often not been developed into guidance • Methods are rarely available for fugitive sources • Activity data: • Residential wood consumption and small-scale burning more uncertain than fossil fuel combustion. • Activity data to estimate fugitive sources can be unavailable • Generally higher uncertain than for current inventories of the main pollutants • Can be improved over time
RAINS emission estimates for VOC vs. national inventories, 2000
RAINS emission estimates for PM2.5vs. national inventories, 2000
TFEIP work – PM task group • Establishment of a PM Task Group under TFEIP to i.a. • Review the immediate requirements of modelers • Chemical and size speciation • Slow progress due to resource problems, but intends to conclude before September • Propose priorities for methodology development • Nearly 2/3 of the active PM Task Group members represents emission inventory community with others coming from measurement field • No specific funding; relying on resources from other projects (spill-off)
TFEIP work – Emission Inventory Guidebook • The Guidebook does not appropriately cover PM methodologies • A number of PM sources are missing in reporting formats and guidebook; several of them, however, relevant only for coarse particles • Landfills • Animal houses and crop production • Heavy construction works • Wood products (sawmills, particle-/fiberboard, plywood) • Coal production, handling and storage • Mineral ore mining processes (incl. handling and storage)
TFEIP work – Emission Inventory Guidebook (cont.) • Priorities have been identified • Small-scale and industrial combustion • Processes in iron and steel industries • Off-road sources • Residential waste combustion • Burning of agricultural residues • Some ”new sources” • Validation of factors across UNECE area • Animal houses and crop production are under development • Chapter on small combustion sources recently updated • Progress is unfortunately slow with the current resources available….
TFEIP work – Emission Inventory Guidebook (cont.) • May need new emission measurements (for some sources literature data scarce, old, not representative or simply unavailable) • Natural PM emissions (wind blown dust, sea salt, volcanoes, biomass burning, pollen) will be addressed in the NatAir project (EU 6th Framework Research programme) • Focus on size speciated emissions, chemical composition has been so far a second priority
TFEIP work – review • PM data reported are included in the Synthesis and Assessment to review consistency and comparability • At present focus is on completeness and major inconsistencies in reporting • Reporting is at present not at a level that enables a review of quality from a scientific point of view
TFEIP work – Guidelines revisions • Emission reporting guidelines will be revised in 2007 • Work starting up in 2006 • Need to consider role of PM reporting in the revised Guidelines • Size species to be reported? • Chemical speciation available for review? • Status of reporting requirements • Need for increase in clarity?
Conclusions • Quality of PM emission data are not as good as for other main pollutants and few Parties report complete data • Quality is expected to increase due to increase in experiences with reporting, policy focus and understanding of source characteristics • TFEIP is working to improve methodology guidance over the next years • New resources may become available; driven by the current policy debate