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Iceland’s Arctic Policy A small state’s orientation? Kristinn Schram

Iceland’s Arctic Policy A small state’s orientation? Kristinn Schram. Arctic Circle. Arctic Boundary according to AMAP. Arctic boundary according to AHDR. Icelandic Arctic foreign policy developments early 21st C. US closes military bases, 2006 E conomic crash, 2008

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Iceland’s Arctic Policy A small state’s orientation? Kristinn Schram

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  1. Iceland’s Arctic PolicyA small state’s orientation? Kristinn Schram

  2. Arctic Circle Arctic Boundary according to AMAP Arctic boundary according to AHDR

  3. Icelandic Arctic foreign policy developments early 21st C US closes military bases, 2006 Economic crash, 2008 Comprehensive, risk assessment, 2009 Report: 'Iceland and the High North' , 2009 Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy, 2011

  4. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 • Strengthening the Arctic Council

  5. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 • Strengthening the Arctic Council • Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state

  6. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 • Strengthening the Arctic Council • Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state • Promoting extended Arctic region

  7. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 • Strengthening the Arctic Council • Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state • Promoting extended Arctic region • Resolving differences through UNCLOS

  8. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 • Strengthening the Arctic Council • Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state • Promoting extended Arctic region • Resolving differences through UNCLOS • Strengthening West Nordic cooperation

  9. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 • Strengthening the Arctic Council • Securing Iceland's position as a coastal state • Promoting extended Arctic region • Resolving differences through UNCLOS • Strengthening West Nordic cooperation • Supporting the rights of indigenous peoples

  10. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders

  11. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders 8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects

  12. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders 8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation

  13. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders 8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation 10. Developing trade relations between States

  14. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders 8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation 10. Developing trade relations between States 11. Advancing knowledge of Arctic issues

  15. Resolution for an Icelandic Arctic policy 2011 7. Building on agreements and promoting cooperation with other States and stakeholders 8. Mitigate human-induced climate change and its effects 9. Safeguarding security interests through civilian means and working against militarisation 10. Developing trade relations between States 11. Advancing knowledge of Arctic issues 12. Increasing cooperation at the domestic level

  16. Iceland as EU’s northernmost State? EU Accession talks – Special Arctic report May 2013, Elections EU talks suspended indefinitely

  17. Coalition platform of the Progressive Party and the Independence Party • Iceland should become a leading power in Arctic and West Nordic cooperation, and should act upon possible opportunities relating to oil and gas in the High North

  18. Further developments • European cooperation through the EEA and Schengen • 2013 Report of Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Parliament. • Icelandic consulate at Nuuk, Greenland • FM’s statement of interest to increase cooperation with the Faroe Islands

  19. Arctic issues in bilateral and multilateral relations • NATO and other allies • Defence cooperation since 2006 • UNCLOS • Arctic Council • PAME & CAFF working groups • SAR, 2011, and oil-spill response, 2013 • Secretary-General (Magnús Jóhannesson) AC permanent secretariat

  20. Arctic issues in bilateral and multilateral relations • EU • ‘Northern Dimension’ programme with Norway, Russia and all EU • Barents Euro-Arctic Council • Nordic Cooperation framework • Parliamentary Nordic Council - Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) – West Nordic sub-group

  21. Arctic issues in bilateral and multilateral relations • NCM Stoltenberg report • Nordic security cooperation • Haga • Mutual aid in civilian emergencies (‘Nordic solidarity clause’) • West Nordic and Arctic joint risk analysis and response

  22. West Nordic Council: Greenland, Iceland & the Faroe Islands

  23. BRICs & Asia

  24. Where next? • Is Iceland ‘playing all sides’ to its detriment? • Is it dealing sufficiently ? • with climate change? • With military threats? • Militarization of the arctic • Wider security and safety • Pros and cons of West Nordic & non-arctic cooperation • Is the Small States approach too simplistic?

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