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Chapter 4 Notes

Chapter 4 Notes. Cell Reproduction. Mitosis clip. Mitosis – when the nucleus of a cell divides to form 2 identical cells. Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA. Centromere – holds chromosomes together. 5 Phases in Mitosis.

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Chapter 4 Notes

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  1. Chapter 4 Notes Cell Reproduction

  2. Mitosis clip Mitosis – when the nucleus of a cell divides to form 2 identical cells.

  3. Chromosome– Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA.Centromere – holds chromosomes together.

  4. 5 Phases in Mitosis 1. Interphase – nucleus can be seen, chromosomes duplicating themselves.

  5. 2. Prophase – chromosome pairs are visible, centrioles move to opposite ends.

  6. 3. Metaphase – chromosome pairs line up across center and attach to spindle fibers.

  7. 4. Anaphase – strands of chromosomes pulled apart and move to opposite ends of each other.

  8. 5. Telophase – The cytoplasm of both cells begins to separate. • Mitosis clip

  9. Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

  10. Diploid – cell that has 46 chromosomes (body cells) Haploid – cell that has 23 chromosomes (sex cells) Zygote – when egg and sperm combine (start of life) Zygote Development Stages of embryo Zygote

  11. Meiosis clip Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells.

  12. 4 Phases in Meiosis I • Prophase I • Metaphase I • Anaphase I • Telophase I

  13. 4 Phases in Meiosis II • Prophase II • Metaphase II • Anaphase II • Telophase II

  14. Asexual Reproduction – new organisms are produced by one parent. Video asexual reproduction

  15. 3 Kinds of Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission – division of organism into 2 equal parts.

  16. 2. Budding – new organism grows from the parent. Hydra Budding

  17. Video :23 3. Regeneration- making new body parts. Starfish

  18. DNA

  19. DNA

  20. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid

  21. Video stop at 2:37 • Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover DNA. • The 1st DNA model was made by Watson and Crick. DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Thymine

  22. Genes A section of DNA on chromosomes.

  23. How DNA Copies Itself Step 1: enzyme breaks the nitrogen bases. 2 strands separate Step 2: bases pair up with new bases Step 3: sugar and phosphate form the sides of DNA.

  24. Unusual Bad Mutations Bad Mutation

  25. Good Mutation

  26. Brain Pop: DNA Mutation – any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.

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