Progress and Industry

1. Progress and Industry Eli Whitney – Interchangeable Parts Mass Production Industrial Revolution – Power generation in Britain Coal, steam, hydropower Labor/money saving processes United States – Trade and agriculture not manufacture Jefferson pushed development of industry because Embargo of 1807 and War of 1812

2. New England – Need for new/better industries 1793 - Textiles Used English technology Lowell a booming industrial town Promoted cotton boom in South Distinct economies remain Old Northwest – New agriculture (corn and cattle) Low labor need South – Cotton is King The Cotton Gin Better cotton – i.e. short-staple Need for labor increases Slavery grows

3. Need for Unity Madison Proposes – Infrastructure improvements Protective Tariff New National Bank “The American System” National Road – Better transportation Lower cost better infrastructure/better trade Erie Canal = faster shipping

4. Tariff of 1816 – Sought to combat low British prices British stockpiles of goods Tax would help to fund infrastructure projects Southerners frustrated over price increase Second Bank of the United States – Guaranteed national currency Better interstate trade More stable economy Increased consumer confidence Enter the “Era of Good Feelings”

5. Legal Battles for Stability Steam Boats in NY – Monopolies threaten businesses Gibbons v. Ogdon Ogdon granted shipping rights Gibbons sues for his rights to ship Exclusive rights reserved for Congress Strengthens Federal Government power McCulloch v. Maryland Local tax on Bank of U.S. Declared unconstitutional Flatcher v. Peck Blocked state interference in commerce Dartmouth College v. Woodward State could not interfere with contracts previously established

6. Nationalism and Foreign Policy Nationalism – Nation above everything John Quincy Adams established policies that followed these ideas Protection of Territory – Set limit on battle ships in Great Lakes Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 (demilitarized) Fixed boarder at 49th parallel Adams-Onis Treaty gave Florida and secured Oregon The Monroe Doctrine – Stay out of our hemisphere and we will stay out of yours…

7. Expansion – Westward movements due to… Escape Economic opportunity Cheap land Lots of space Fertile Slavery becomes an issue Protection of “Way of Life” became important Illinois was free, number 11, logic told southerners that Missouri would be slave When that was not to be, conflict and fear arose

8. Missouri Compromise Alabama admitted as slave state 11 – 11 Missouri becomes the swing state Both sides willing to fight for issue Henry Clay drewMissouri Compromise… Maine would be a free state Missouri would be slave 36°30´ would divide future states Legal bellow the line banned above A band-aid solution

9. Jackson Leader of the People – Jackson represented the “common man” Implemented the “spoils system” Need to separate from natives Too many troops needed to protect Indian Removal Act of 1830 Many conflicts result, Trail of Tears Tariff of 1816 - Increased in 1824 and 1828 Economic depression in the South Sovereignty of states argued by Calhoun

10. Congress tests South Tariff of 1832 South Carolina declares null and void Threats of withdraw from the U.S. Jackson calls it treason Henry Clay proposed reduction of tariffs War postponed Bank of the United States Jackson felt it was given too much influence Public felt government controlled too much Jackson spread government $ into “pet banks” Bank ultimately failed

11. Van Buren – Pet Banks not reliable Too much money, not enough to back it Panic of 1837 Reduction of Federal spending Independent Treasury established in 1840 Harrison wins Election of 1840 – Whigs in power to return to American System Harrison dies John Tyler takes over and opposed many of the Whig party ideals READ CHAPTER 8