Social Studies

1. Social Studies A review of basic social studies skills, the geography and religions of the Middle East.

2. The Five Themes of Geography • Location • Absolute • Relative • Place • Human-Environment Interaction • Movement • Regions

3. 1. Location • Answers: • Where is It? • Why is It There? • Two Types of Location • Absolute • Relative

4. Absolute Location • A specific place on the Earth’s surface • Uses a grid system • Latitude and longitude can be found • A global address

5. Absolute location • EXAMPLE: Sablatura Middle School • 29° N, 95°W • 29° N, 95°W

6. Absolute location • Important lines • Latitude- run across, East to West but MEASURE locations NORTH and SOUTH of the Equator (0°) • Longitude- run up and down, North to South,but MEASURE locations EAST and WEST of the Prime Meridian- (0°)

7. Absolute location • The line of latitude and longitude are also important because they help you locate which “half” of the earth something is located. • These are called Hemispheres

8. Relative location • Where a place is in relation to another place • Uses directional words to describe position • Cardinal directions: North , South, East, West • Intermediate directions: Northwest, Northeast, Southwest, Southeast- or- • relationship words: • Near, nearby, in, close to, (etc)

9. Relative location • Sablatura isinthe United States • Sablatura is southeastof Houston, TX • Texas is bordered by Oklahoma to the north, Louisiana to the east, New Mexico to the west , Arkansas to the northeast, and Mexico to the south. • Pearland is near the Gulf of Mexico.

10. 2. Place • Physical Characteristics EXAMPLES: • Land Features:Mountains, plains, and plateaus • Climate • Bodies of Water • Human Characteristics EXAMPLES: • People • Culture • Language • Religion • Buildings and Landmarks • Cities

11. Place- urban vs. rural • Places are classified as rural or urban depending on the density of people in a particular area and the amount of human features added to the place. • Urbanareas can include towns and cities (dense population, close together) • Ruralareas include small villages and the “country” (population is spread out).

12. 3.Human Environment Interaction • How People Interact With Their Environment • People . . . • Adapt to Their Environment • Modify Their Environment • Depend on Their Environment

13. 3.Human Environment Interaction

14. 4. Movement • The Mobility of: • People • Goods • Ideas • How Places are linked to one another and the world

15. 5. Regions • What Places Have in Common • Political Regions • Landform Regions • Agricultural Regions • Cultural Regions

16. 5. Regions • Political Regions • Formed by political boundaries- can be divided by state or groups of states. • Cultural Regions • An area which shares cultural traits like language, religion and a common history.

17. Types of Maps • Political • Physical • Thematic

18. Types of Maps- Political • Focuses on the state and national boundaries of a place. • They also include the locations of cities depending on the detail of the map. • A common type of political map would be one showing the 50 U.S. states and their borders along with the United States' northern and southern international borders.

19. Types of Maps- Physical • Shows the physical landscape features of a place. • They generally show things like mountains, rivers and lakes Hawaii Physical Map: This Hawaii relief map shows the land elevation (height) of the major physical features of the state.

20. Types of Maps- Thematic • A special thematic map focuses on a particular topic This example of a thematic map shows the median age of the population in the northeastern United States in the year 2000. The map shows the theme, but also uses a political map style that includes state borders so it makes more sense.

21. Landforms • a specific feature on the surface of the earth, ranging from large-scale features such as plains, plateaus, and mountains to minor features such as hills, valleys, and deltas.

22. landforms

23. Landforms

24. landforms

25. landforms

26. Global citizens • aware of the wider world and has a sense of their own role in the world • respects and values diversity; • has an understanding of how the world works economically, politically, socially, culturally, technologically and environmentally;

27. Role of a citizen- IN democratic society • The key role of citizens in a democracy is to participate in public life. • Citizens have an obligation to become informed about public issues, to watch carefully how their political leaders and representatives use their powers, and to express their own opinions and interests. • Voting in elections is another important civic duty of all citizens. • But to vote wisely, each citizen should listen to the views of the different parties and candidates, and then make his or her own decision on whom to support.

28. Global interdependence • Means you are dependent on others for some needs. • In other words, you can't produce everything you need. Example: If you live on a farm where you grow all your own fruits and vegetables, have cows for milk, and chickens for eggs and meat, you might not ever need to go to a grocery store for food. But you probably don't make your own farm equipment. You are still dependenton someone else for those things.

29. Culture • shared beliefs and values of a group • the beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular nation or people

30. Cultural Traits • Things that bind a certain people or region: • ART (EX: music, dance, theatre, sculpture) • LANGUAGE (words & gestures) • HISTORY (What happened to the group in the past?) • RELIGION (EX: beliefs, symbols, food) • ECONOMY (currency, how they make a living) • GOVERNMENT (How do they choose a leader, make decisions) • GEOGRAPHY

31. multiculturalism • mixture of different cultures within the same region or country

32. Cultural diffusion • the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another • Remember my Coca Cola bottle from Israel

33. The middle east

34. geography • Vast deserts are common in the region: • The Sahara Desert runs across North Africa, limiting settlement to just along the Mediterranean coastline and in Egypt along the Nile River. • In areas with more rainfall (for example the Tigris & Euphrates river system, the Jordan River, along the Mediterranean coast and Egypt’s Nile River) have abundant agriculture. • Mountain ranges exist throughout the region with some peaks rising as high as 19,000 feet. • In the mountains, there are many caves • Between the mountains, high plateaus are common

35. The SueZ CANAL • A man-made waterway connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea changed the the global economy of the world

36. Religions of the middle east • Monotheism • Worshipping only one god (mono=one) (theism=belief in god or gods) • 3 Religions from the same source: • Judaism (Jews) • Christianity (Christians) • Islam (Muslims)

37. Declaration of faith in Allah Prayer facing Mecca 5 times daily Charitable contributions Fasting from sun-up to sun-down during the month of Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime