Passive and Active Transport

1. Outcomes: • Identify the factors which influence the rate and direction of diffusion. • Identify how osmosis is related to diffusion and the value of osmosis to living organisms. • Examine the mechanisms of active transport by identifying and explaining the two processes. • Compare the similarities and differences between active and passive transport. • **Don’t have to write these out** Passive and Active Transport Unit 2- Cell Structure and Function

2. Cellular Transport • Cellular transport moves substances _________the cell and moves substances ________and ________of the cell • There are 2 types: • _________ Transport • _________ Transport

3. Passive Transport • These types of transport do not require energy • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis

4. A) Diffusion • Remember from years before that particles in solids, liquids, and gasses are in constant ___________ ___________(Particle Theory of Matter) • Substances dissolved in water move constantly in random motion • The random _________ of these _________ creates DIFFUSION

5. The amount of a substance in a certain area is called ___________________ • Substances diffuse from an area of _________ concentration to an area of _________ concentration • Watch the following video and draw the diagram on the next page: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um6OoN81rb4

6. Diagram of Diffusion

7. Diffusion occurs until there is an __________ _______________ of particles in an area/cell • The particles continue to move randomly, but there is _____ ____________ ___________ this is called DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

8. Rate of Diffusion • 3 main factors affect the rate that diffusion occurs • _______________ • When concentration is high, diffusion happens quickly because there are more particles to collide with each other • _______________ • When temperature increases, the particles collide more quickly • _______________ • When pressure increases, the particles collide more quickly

9. B) Facilitated Diffusion • While water can diffuse readily across a plasma membrane, most other substances need help • Happens through ____________ and _____________ proteins

10. The CHANNEL PROTEINS in the plasma membrane of the cell are used to diffuse ions and small molecules across the cell membrane (draw the diagram below) http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image132.gif

11. CARRIER PROTEINS are also used to move substances across a cell membrane by ___________ _________ to help diffusion in a cell (Draw the diagram) http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/simpdiff.jpg

12. C) Osmosis • The _________ of water __________ a selectively permeable ____________ is OSMOSIS • _____________ the movement of water across the plasma membrane is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis • (draw the next diagram)

13. http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/osmosis.jpg

14. If the __________________ of solute is higher on one side of the cell membrane, the water will move _____________ the __________ solute __________________ • This diffusion happens until dynamic equilibrium occurs

15. Isotonic Solution • When a cell is in a solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes is said to be in an ISOTONIC solution • Water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate and cells keep their ______________ ___________

16. Hypotonic Solution • If a cell is in a solution that has a lower concentration of solute, the cell is said to be in a __________________ solution • There is more water outside of the cell than inside the cell which causes __________ to move __________ ____ ______ • The water moving into the cell creates ___________ ___________

17. In an ________ cell, the water may enter the cell so much so that it ___________ • A plant cell will ________ burst if there is a high osmotic pressure ____________ the cell __________ is very _________

18. Hypertonic Solution • When the ________________ of the solute ____________ of the cell is _______than inside • ________ __________ _________ the cell • ___________ cells may __________ because of water loss • _______ cells ________because the water vacuole is empty

19. Draw the diagram: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yiAZAMJRq4s/Ta79K3vVk8I/AAAAAAAAACE/MhfD0z_ABi8/s1600/hypo.jpg

20. Video Explanation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYNwynwaALo

21. Active Transport • This happens when substances have to move from an area of __________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration • This process makes sure that cells have the proper ___________ of substances inside of them • These forms of cellular transport REQUIRE the use of ______________ by the cell • Pumps (carrier proteins) • Endocytosis/Exocytosis

22. A) Pumps (Carrier Proteins) • __________ proteins can move substances against a concentration gradient • Some pumps move one type of substance in one direction across the plasma membrane • Other pumps move two substances in both directions across the plasma membrane

23. Sodium Potassium Pump • This is a common type of pump • moves 3 ___________ ions ______ of the cell • moves 2 ___________ ions ______ the cell • ATP (a form of energy) _______ _______ into ADP to do this • Video demonstration • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q73uJ8WlY_E

24. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_207DNIaL-gc/TOaSu8u3q7I/AAAAAAAAAV4/9QLnFO82wQA/s1600/07_16SodiumPotassiumPump.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_207DNIaL-gc/TOaSu8u3q7I/AAAAAAAAAV4/9QLnFO82wQA/s1600/07_16SodiumPotassiumPump.jpg

25. B) Endocytosis & Exocytosis • Particles that are too large to travel through the plasma membrane leave or enter the cell differently

26. Endocytosis • when a cell ______________ something _____________ of the cell • The cell membrane __________ ________ and takes the substance inside the cell • The substance is now in a __________ to travel throughout the cell

27. Exocytosis • Is when substances ___________ the cell by vesicles ____________ the plasma _______________ to expel (get rid of) the substance

28. http://www.kscience.co.uk/as/module1/pictures/endoexo.jpg