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THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE. CHAPTER 4 ~ SECTION 1. THE STIRRINGS OF REBELLION. PAGES 96-102. WHAT WE WILL LEARN TODAY:. How did conflicts between Britain and the American colonies grow over the issues of taxation, representation, and liberty?. COLONIES ORGANIZE TO RESIST BRITAIN.

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THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

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  1. THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER 4 ~ SECTION 1

  2. THE STIRRINGS OF REBELLION PAGES 96-102

  3. WHAT WE WILL LEARN TODAY: How did conflicts between Britain and the American colonies grow over the issues of taxation, representation, and liberty?

  4. COLONIES ORGANIZE TO RESIST BRITAIN

  5. COLONIES ORGANIZE TO RESIST BRITAIN In order to repay debts from the French and Indian War, as well as other European wars, Britain looked towards the colonists for funds. Stamp Act – Law that created a direct tax for the colonists on virtually all documents made of paper. “Stamp duties” were placed on every legal documents, license, newspaper, pamphlet, and even playingcards and dice. The Sons of Liberty was a secret resistance group led by Samuel Adams. They harassed stamp agents with mob threats and demonstrations, which led to many stamp agents quitting their jobs.

  6. COLONIES ORGANIZE TO RESIST BRITAIN Parliament eventually repealed the Stamp Act, within a year they passed a new series of laws that the colonists found just as frustrating. Townshend Acts – This was an indirect tax place on imported goods (tea, glass, paint, paper) from Britain to the colonies. Many educated Americans spoke out against these new acts, protesting “NoTaxationwithoutRepresentation!” Boycotts began on several British goods, especially tea (colonists’ favorite drink). In Boston, the British stationed 2,000 “redcoats” after John Hancock’s ship was seized by the British. What did the presence of British troops do in Boston?

  7. TENSIONS MOUNT IN MASSACHUSETTS Boston Massacre A crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys gathered to taunt British soldiers outside the Boston Customs House. When the crowd went as far as to throw sticks and snowballs at the redcoats, the soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five men. Committees of Correspondence – Groups set up by colonists to exchange information about British threats to their liberties. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty labeled this event the Boston Massacre.

  8. EPISODE 1: "JOIN OR DIE" (SCENE 1) Complete the viewing guide as we watch the unfolding of our country’s beginnings.

  9. John Adams

  10. Abigail Adams

  11. Samuel Adams

  12. Captain Preston

  13. Richard Palms

  14. TENSIONS MOUNT IN MASSACHUSETTS Facing bankruptcy, Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the tea trade in the colonies. In NYC and Philadelphia, they forced ships to leave, but Boston’s governor made a law that no ship could leave without being unloaded. On a signal from SamAdams, the colonists disguised themselves as Mowhawk Indians and boarded the ship and unloaded 342 chests of tea into the harbor.

  15. TENSIONS MOUNT IN MASSACHUSETTS King George III was furious with the colonists for destroying British property and he pushed Parliament to act. They passed a series of laws that the colonists called the… Listen to me. I am you KING!! Intolerable Acts • Boston Port Act – Closed down Boston’s Harbor. • Massachusetts Government Act – Revoked the colonial charter and forbade town meetings. • Quartering Act – Colonists’ homes could be used to house British soldiers. In addition, General Thomas Gage of the British forces was appointed the new governor of Massachusetts and he place Boston under martiallaw.

  16. RAPID REVIEW • QUARTERING ACT • CRISPUS ATTUCKS • SAMUEL ADAMS • STAMP ACT • KING GEORGE

  17. TENSIONS MOUNT IN MASSACHUSETTS In 1774, 56 delegates met in Philadelphia to draw up a declaration of colonial rights. First Continental Congress • They defended the colonies’ rights to run their own affairs. • They supported the protests in Massachusetts. • If the British used force against the colonies, the colonies should fight back. • They would meet again in May 1775 if their demands weren’t met. Colonists in New England towns begin to step up military preparations. Minutemen – Civilian soldiers that pledged to be ready to fight at a minute’s notice.

  18. FIGHTING ERUPTS AT LEXINGTON & CONCORD Early on April 19th, 1775 – 700 British soldiers were secretly sent to destroy the militarysupplies the colonists had collected at Concord and possibly capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams. After learning of the soldiers’ destination, the Sons of Liberty sent Paul Revere and William Dawes to warn the Minutemen of the approaching British soldiers. “The Regulars are coming!” Revere reached Adams and Hancock in time to warn them to flee and also spoiled the surprise that British were hoping for. Colonists moved military supplies to other towns and houses.

  19. BATTLE: LEXINGTON • INDIVIDUAL & ROLE • Gen. Gage – ordered his men to seize & destroy any munitions they could find. • KEY EVENTS • Gage was also looking for J. Hancock & S. Adams. • Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott – rode at night… “British are coming!!” • OUTCOME • Revere was able to warn S. Adams & J. Hancock… They fled to safety. • British soldiers faced off against 70 minutemen. Minutemen retreated. • IMPORTANCE • “Shot Fired” • British lost the element of surprise, BUT they continued to Concord for weapons.

  20. ACTIVITY: COLONIAL FLYER • You are a colonist that needs to either supportoroppose King George’s policies. You need to create a flyer that displays your position on one of the following policies: • + Sugar Act + Proclamation Line of 1763 • + Stamp Act + Townshend Acts • + Intolerable Acts + Quartering Acts • Your flyer needs to include: • Name of the Act (5 pts.) • Define the Act (10 pts.) • Your Position on the Act and Why others should take your position. (10 pts.) • Colored Picture that Portrays the Act (20 pts.)

  21. FIGHTING ERUPTS AT LEXINGTON & CONCORD Battle of Lexington When the British soldiers reached Lexington, they were greeted by 70 minutemen. The British ordered the minutemen to leave and upon leaving someone fired a shot. Results + 8 Minutemen Killed + 10 Minutemen Wounded +1 British Soldier Injured The British soldiers fired a volley of shots into the departing militia.

  22. FIGHTING ERUPTS AT LEXINGTON & CONCORD Battle of Concord The British marched on to Concord, where they found an empty arsenal. The British lined up to march back to Boston, but the march quickly became a slaughter. Results + 73 British Killed +174 British Wounded + British were humiliated. 3,000 to 4,000 minutemen had now assembled and fired on the troops from behind stone walls and trees.

  23. WHAT WE LEARNED TODAY: How did conflicts between Britain and the American colonies grow over the issues of taxation, representation, and liberty?

  24. THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER 4 ~ SECTION 2

  25. IDEAS HELP START A REVOLUTION PAGES 103-108

  26. WHAT WE WILL LEARN TODAY: How did tensions increase throughout the colonies until independence is declared?

  27. COLONIES HOVER BETWEEN PEACE & WAR By the time the delegates met, the Revolutionary War had already started with the Battles of Lexington & Concord. They thought I was mad before. Now they are going to feel my wrath!! The Congress found itself in a difficult position of trying to decide if they should try and reconcile with King George or continue with their rebellion. Second Continental Congress

  28. EPISODE 2: "INDEPENDENCE" (SCENE 1) Complete the viewing guide as we watch the unfolding of our country’s beginnings.

  29. John Adams - Massachusetts

  30. Abigail Adams

  31. Samuel Adams - Massachusetts

  32. John Dickinson - Pennsylvania

  33. Ben Franklin - Pennsylvania

  34. George Washington - Virginia

  35. Thomas Jefferson - Virginia

  36. COLONIES HOVER BETWEEN PEACE & WAR By the time the delegates met, the Revolutionary War had already started with the Battles of Lexington & Concord. They thought I was mad before. Now they are going to feel my wrath!! The Congress found itself in a difficult position of trying to decide if they should try and reconcile with King George or continue with their rebellion. Second Continental Congress The Congress decided to recognize the militiamen around Boston as the ContinentalArmy and they chose George Washington as their general. The Congress eventually sent the king an Olive-Branch Petition, urging for a return to “the former harmony” that they share. He rejected their offer.

  37. COLONIES HOVER BETWEEN PEACE & WAR Battle of Bunker Hill British General Thomas Gage and his 2,400 soldiers attacked the Boston militia who were dug in on Breed’s Hill. The British marched up the hill in their usual formations and had to attempt to take the hill 3 times to finally succeed, but only because the militiamen ran low on ammo. Results + 450 Colonists Killed + 1,000 British Killed + Deadliest Battle of War Why is it called the Battle of Bunker Hill?

  38. PATRIOTS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE Common Sense by Thomas Paine Thomas Paine’s book attacked the strongest bond tying America and Britain – the King. He pointed out the advantages of freedom from British rule and social and economic equality. Continental Congress Pushes for Independence! On June 7, 1776 - Virginia’s Richard Henry Lee moved that “these United Colonies are, and of a right ought to be, free and independent states.” Thomas Jefferson was tasked with skillfully crafting the committee’s points in a formal declaration as to reasons for the colonies actions.

  39. PATRIOTS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE Main Points of the Declaration of Independence • People have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. • Governments derive “their powers from the consent of the governed.” • People have the right to “alter or abolish” any government that threatens their unalienable rights. Jefferson’s first draft included an attack on the cruelty and injustice of the slavetrade. However, South Carolina and Georgia objected. In order to gain the votes of the two states, Jefferson dropped the offending passage. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE IS LIKE SERVING DIVORCE PAPERS

  40. AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES Why would some people wanted to remain loyal to Britain? This was a war for independence, but also became a civil war in which Americans found themselves on opposing sides. The price of choosing sides could be high. The Patriots invited war with the mightiest empire on earth.

  41. EPISODE 2: "INDEPENDENCE" (SCENE 2) Complete the viewing guide as we watch the unfolding of our country’s beginnings.

  42. WHAT WE LEARNED TODAY: How did tensions increase throughout the colonies until independence is declared?

  43. THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER 4 ~ SECTION 3

  44. STRUGGLING TOWARDS SARATOGA PAGES 113-117

  45. WHAT WE WILL LEARN TODAY: How were the Americans able to overcome a series of setbacks and then win at Saratoga and survive?

  46. AMERICAN REVOLUTION: BATTLES CHART • Work independently to complete the chart. • Use pages 110-123 • Complete the chart with details. • You will be able to use this on your Quiz & Test.

  47. EPISODE 2: "REVOLUTION" Complete the viewing guide as we watch the unfolding of our country’s beginnings.

  48. WHAT WE LEARNED TODAY: How were the Americans able to overcome a series of setbacks and then win at Saratoga and survive?

  49. THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER 4 ~ SECTION 4

  50. WINNING THE WAR PAGES 118-123

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