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Definitions

Definitions. Mutation – any change in the genetic sequence. Gene alteration – when a change in the genetic code changes the amino acid sequence Silent mutation- when a change in the genetic code doesn’t change the amino acid sequence. Kinds of mutations.

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Definitions

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  1. Definitions • Mutation – any change in the genetic sequence. • Gene alteration – when a change in the genetic code changes the amino acid sequence • Silent mutation- when a change in the genetic code doesn’t change the amino acid sequence

  2. Kinds of mutations • Point mutation – change in just one nucleotide AAA mutates to AAG • Insertion mutation – change in sequence by adding one or more bases. • Deletion mutation – change in sequence by taking out one or more bases. • Frame shift mutation – the result of an insertion or deletion that moves the codons down and changes all the amino acids

  3. Frame shift mutation example • AAG TAG CAT ACT • AAT AGC ATA CT_

  4. Mutation Worksheet #1 • Original DNA: • AGA GCA CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence • SER-ARG-GLU-PHE-SER • Mutated sequence: • AGA GCG CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence: • SER-ARG-GLU-PHE-SER • Type of mutation: Point mutation • Gene alteration: None

  5. Mutation Worksheet #2 • Original DNA: • AGA GCA CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence • SER-ARG-GLU-PHE-SER • Mutated sequence: • AGA GCA CTT AAT AGG • Amino Acid sequence: • SER-ARG-GLU-LEU-SER • Type of mutation: Point mutation • Gene alteration: yes, but only one a.a.

  6. Mutation Worksheet #3 • Original DNA: • AGA GCA CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence • SER-ARG-GLU-PHE-SER • Mutated sequence: • AGA CAC TTA AAA GG • Amino Acid sequence: • SER-VAL-ASP-PHE-___ • Type of mutation: deletion; frame shift • Gene alteration: yes, frame-shift

  7. Mutation Worksheet #4 • Original DNA: • AGA GCA CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence • SER-ARG-GLU-PHE-SER • Mutated sequence: • AGA GCA ATC CCG TTC GGG CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence: • SER-ARG-STOP • Type of mutation: insertion • Gene alteration: yes, significant

  8. Mutation Worksheet #5 • Original DNA: • AGA GCA CTT AAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence • SER-ARG-GLU-PHE-SER • Mutated sequence: • AGA GCAAAA AGG • Amino Acid sequence: • SER-ARG-PHE-SER • Type of mutation: deletion • Gene alteration: yes, missing an a.a.

  9. 6. When a point mutation results in the same amino acid sequence, is it still considered a mutation? • Yes because a mutation is a change in the genetic code and it may or may not result in a change in the amino acid sequence. • A mutation that doesn’t result in a change in the amino acid sequence is called a silent mutation

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