What were the Second New Deal Programs and How did They Help America Recover?

1. What were the Second New Deal Programs and How did They Help America Recover? U. S. History & Government 11th Grade Boys/Girls 4 January 2020

2. Do Now • How did the Supreme Court react to First New Deal?

3. Student Group Activity Questions • How did the 2nd New Deal provide help to the farmers? • IN what ways were the relief programs extended? • How was the National Youth Administration effective? • What programs were adopted to help labor relations? How were the effective? • What programs and legislations were adopted to protect the retiree, unemployed, elderly and poor? How effective were they?

4. New Elections & 2nd New Deal • 1934 Midterm Congressional Election • Popularity of New Deal helped democrats to increase their majority in the Congress • FDR started a 2nd wave of reforms – the Second New Deal – to help the poor. • Eleanor Roosevelt helped the President • 1936 Election • Roosevelt, Democrats and New Deal won big • African Americans voted democratic for the 1st time. • All labor unions supported FDR.

5. Helping Farmers • New laws were passed to replace AAA • Paid farmers to use soil conservation • The 2nd AAA was passed • Other laws helped sharecroppers and tenant farmers • Provided loans to farmers to buy land • Migrant workers were provided with better housing.

6. Extending Relief Programs • Works Progress Administration (WPA) • To create jobs as quickly as possible • Used millions of workers to build airports, roads, libraries, schools, and hospitals • Sewing groups made clothes for the needy. • It employed teachers, writers, artists, actors, and musicians • Special efforts were made to help women, minorities and the young.

7. National Youth Administration (NYA) • Provided aid and part-time jobs to many high school & college students • Allowed them to get an education during the tough times

8. Improving Labor & Other Reforms • National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) was passed to replace NLRA. • Supported workers’ right to collective bargaining • Set up the National Labor Relations Board [NLRB] • Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 • Set a maximum hour and minimum wage limit • Banned child labor in factories

9. The Social Security Act • Old-age Insurance • Unemployment compensation • Aid to the disabled and families with children • Rural Electrification Administration • Extended electricity to rural areas

10. Homework • Questions 1 and 2 on page 707

11. How did New Deals Affect Different Groups of Americans? U.S. History & Government 1/4/2020

12. Effect on Women • Women were hired in Federal positions. • First Woman in Cabinet – Frances Perkins • First Women federal judges • Some government agencies and businesses did not hire women, and others set lower wage limit for them • Civilian Conservation Corps hired men only • NRA set lower wage level for women

13. Effect on African Americans • Some African Americans were appointed to important government positions • Mary McLeod Bethune as head of Minority Affairs Office of the NYA • She also organized “Black Cabinet” of FDR • FDR did not push for full civil rights

14. Effect on Mexican-Americans and Native Americans • Mexican-Americans gained little or no benefit from the New Deal • Native Americans gained more rights to their land claim. • John Collier, commissioner on Indian Affairs, helped pass Indian Reorganization Act.

15. New Deal Coalition • It was a body of groups who supported the New Deal. • Made up of Southern Whites, city people, African Americans and workers who were union members • Labor unions gained in the 1930s • Industrial workers broke away from American Federation of Labor to form Congress of Industrial Organizations • New strike strategy – sit-in • National Labor Relations Board mediated to solve problems between companies & union