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Security Cooperation Programs

Security Cooperation Programs. Lesson Outline. U.S. Code and Statutes Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoS Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoD Title 10 Train and Equip International Armaments Cooperation Humanitarian Assistance Training and Education

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Security Cooperation Programs

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  1. Security Cooperation Programs

  2. Lesson Outline • U.S. Code and Statutes • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoS • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoD • Title 10 Train and Equip • International Armaments Cooperation • Humanitarian Assistance • Training and Education • Combined Exercises • Military-to-Military Contact Programs

  3. U.S. Code and Statutes • Codification of general and permanent laws into fifty subject areas or titles • 10 U.S.C. -- “Armed Forces” • 22 U.S.C. -- “Foreign Relations and Intercourse” • 14 U.S.C. -- “Coast Guard” • Sec. 23, AECA, for Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP) is codified as 22 U.S.C.2763 • Proposed 51 U.S.C. to “Security Capacity-Building, Stabilization, and Conflict Prevention” for DoS, USAID, and DoD • Until then, FY2012 Appropriations Acts use “Overseas Contingency Operations”

  4. U.S. Code and Statutes • Authorization Act (e.g., NDAA, FY20xx) • Provides authority for programs • Provides authority for appropriations, sometimes with earmarks • Considered authorized w/o expiration unless stated otherwise • Usual method to amend 10 U.S.C. • NDAA, FY2012, P.L.112-81, 31 Dec 11 • No DoS or foreign assistance authorization enacted since FY1985 -- • Authorization language within the FAA, AECA, and the annual S/FOAA • NDAA has sometimes been used to amend 22 U.S.C.

  5. U.S. Code and Statutes • Security Assistance authorities and appropriations come from 22 U.S.C. and the annual S/FOAA • FAA is codified as 22 U.S.C. 2151 – 2431 • Delegation authority by E.O. 12163, 29 Sep 79, to State, USAID, and Defense • AECA is codified as 22 U.S.C. 2751 – 2799 • Delegation authority by E.O. 11958, 18 Jan 77, to State and Defense • Security Cooperation program authorities come from 10 U.S.C. or the annual NDAA • Security Assistance programs administered by DoD/DSCA as S.C. programs are located in 22 U.S.C. • Most S.C. programs require either DoS or applicable COM concurrence or coordination with congressional notification prior to execution

  6. U.S. Code and Statutes • Appropriations Acts provide “real money” • DoD Appropriations Act, 2012, Div. A, P.L.112-74, 23 Dec 2011 • State/Foreign Ops and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2012, Div. I, P.L.112-74, 23 Dec 2011 • Availability (obligation) and expenditure dates are generally included • Twelve appropriations acts are annually required • Consolidated (omnibus) acts are becoming normal • Continuing resolutions (CRs) are required after 30 Sep • FY2012 required five CRs

  7. Security Cooperation Programs State [22 U.S.C.] Defense [10 U.S.C.] Combined Exercises DCS FMS FMFP IMET EDA Leases ESF C/T C/N Iraq/Afghan NADR HA/HDA PKO JCETs INCLE IACP

  8. Lesson Outline • U.S. Code and Statutes • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoS • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoD • Title 10 Train and Equip • International Armaments Cooperation • Humanitarian Assistance • Training and Education • Combined Exercises • Military-to-Military Contact Programs

  9. S.A. Programs Administered by Department of State • Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) • Administered by DoS in consultation with DoD/DTSA • Implemented and managed by PM/DDTC with the ITAR [§38, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2778)] [ITAR – 22 C.F.R. 120-130] • Defense articles licensed during FY2010 for export -- $36B • Defense services licensed during FY2010 for export -- $87B Note: Licenses are normally valid for a 4 year period and do not always take place

  10. Direct Commercial Sales Trends

  11. S.A. Programs Administered by Department of State • Economic Support Fund (ESF) • Administered by U.S. AID • Authorizes funding assistance as determined by SecState to countries or organizations promote economic or political stability [§§531-533, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2346)] • FY2011 appropriation -- $5.932B [§2109, S/FOAA, FY2011, P.L.112-10] • FY2012 appropriation -- $5.761B [Title III, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74]

  12. S.A. Programs Administered by Department of State • Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related (NADR) Programs • Administered by DoS/ISN • Authorizes funding assistance to countries and organizations to enhance law enforcement personnel to deter terrorists and to halt the proliferation of chem, nuc, and bio weps and conventional weaponry [§§571-575 & §§581-586, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2349aa & 2349bb)] • FY2011 appropriation -- $1.594B [§2111, S/FOAA, FY2011, P.L.112-10] • FY2012 appropriation -- $710.8M [Title IV, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74]

  13. S.A. Programs Administered by Department of State • International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) • Administered by DoS/INL • Authorizes funding assistance to countries and international organizations for the control of narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and other controlled substances, and for other anticrime purposes [§§481-490, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2291)] • FY2011 appropriation -- $1.594B [Title IV, S/FOAA, FY10, P.L.111-117 (CR into FY11] • FY2012 appropriation-- $2.045 [Title IV, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74]

  14. S.A. Programs Administered by Department of State • Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) • Administered by DoS/PM • Authorizes funding assistance to friendly countries and international organizations for peacekeeping operations and other programs [§§551-554, FAA (22 U.S.C.2348)] • FY2011 appropriation -- $304M [§2111, S/FOAA, FY2011, P.L.112-10] • FY2012 appropriation -- $383.8M [Title IV, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74] • Program of note: Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) began in 2005 by the G-8 to establish 75K peacekeepers worldwide. • Current emphasis is equipment and training sustainment

  15. S.A. Programs Administered by Department of State • Third Party Transfer Authority • Administered by DoS/PM/RSAT or DDTC [§3, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2753)] • Drawdown Authority • Authorized only by the President, to be administered by DoS, and likely implemented by DoD/DSCA [§506, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2318)] [PKO- §552(a)(2), FAA (22 U.S.C. 2348a2)] [War Crimes Tribunals - §7048, S/FOAA, FY12] • Special Authorities • Authorized only by the President, to be administered by DoS, and likely implemented by DoD/DSCA [§614, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2364)]

  16. Security Cooperation Programs State [22 U.S.C.] Defense [10 U.S.C.] Combined Exercises DCS FMS FMFP IMET EDA Leases ESF C/T C/N Iraq/Afghan NADR HA/HDA PKO JCETs INCLE IACP

  17. Lesson Outline • U.S. Code and Statutes • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoS • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoD • Title 10 Train and Equip • International Armaments Cooperation • Humanitarian Assistance • Training and Education • Combined Exercises • Military-to-Military Contact Programs

  18. Security Cooperation Activities undertaken by DoD to encourage and enable international partners to work with the U.S. to achieve strategic objectives. It includes all DoD interactions with foreign defense and security establishments, including all DoD-administered S.A. programs, that: build defense and security relationships that promote specific U.S. security interests, including all international armaments cooperation and S. A. activities; develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations; and provide U.S. forces with peacetime and contingency access to host nations. DoDD 5132.03, 24 Oct 08

  19. Title 22 S.A. Programs Administered by DoD as S.C. • Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Authorities • DoD/USCG Inventory [§21, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2761)] • DoD Procurement [§22, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2762)] • Military Design and Construction Services [§29, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2769)] • Administered by DoD/DSCA using the FMS case LOA process, under continuous supervision and general direction of State/PM/RSAT [DoDD 5105.38-M (SAMM)] • Source of Funds • Mostly partner nation cash, or • U.S. credit to include FMFP, PCCF, or DoD O&M (using the pseudo LOA process)

  20. U.S. FMS Agreements/Deliveries 50 48 46 44 Total Sales FMS Sales (note: Total & FMS Sales tracked separately after FY04) Deliveries (note: figure for FY09 also includes pseudo FMS deliveries from prior FYs) 42 40 38.1 38 36.4 36 32.9 34 32 31.6 29.2 30 31.6 28.3 27.2* 28 26 24 25.2 23.3 22 Dollars in billions 20.2 21.0 20 18 19.5 18.3 16 13.5 13.0 14 13.2 12.5 11.4 12.7 18.7 12 10.5 11.8 12.1 10 12.6 11.8 10.6 9.8 8 9.9 6 4 2 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Fiscal Years Source: DSCA: 1200 System, as of Jan 2012

  21. Title 22 S.A. Programs Administered by DoD as S.C. • Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP) [§23, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2763)] • Appropriated to the President and allocated by DoS/FA • Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with DoS/FA and USD(C) to fund the purchase of defense articles and services[DoDD 5105.38-M (SAMM)] • Normally used to fund FMS cases • FY2011 appropriation -- $5.374B [§2112, S/FOAA, FY2011, P.L.112-10] • FY2012 appropriation -- $6.312B [Title IV, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74]

  22. FY 2011 FMFP Allocations Rest of the world - $1.086B TOP TWENTY Jordan $299M Pakistan 295M Lebanon 75M FMFP Admin 56M Colombia 48M Poland 34M Indonesia 20M Yemen 20M Tunisia 17M Oman 17M West Hemi 16M Georgia 16M Bahrain 15M Philippines 15M Romania 13M Ukraine 9M Bulgaria 9M Morocco 9M Mexico 8M Liberia 7M FY 2011 Total = $5.374B Rest of The World $1.086B ISRAEL $2.994B EGYPT $1.294B FY2012 -- $6.312B

  23. Title 22 S.A. Programs Administered by DoD as S.C. • International Military Education and Training (IMET) • Expanded IMET Program [§541, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2347)] • Appropriated to the President and allocated by DoS/FA • Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with DoS [DoDD 5105.38-M (SAMM)] • FY2011 appropriation -- $105.788M [§2112, S/FOAA, FY2011, P.L.112-10] • FY2012 appropriation -- $105.788M [Title IV, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74]

  24. Title 22 S.A. Programs Administered by DoD as S.C. • Leasing [§§61-65, AECA (22 U.S.C. 22796)] • Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with DoS/PM/RSAT using an international lease agreement [DoDD 5105.38-M, (SAMM)] • A coordinated FMS case likely for any supporting transportation, modifications, upgrades, training, logistics, etc. • FY2008 lease agreements -- $9M (rental value) [Title IV, CBJ, FY2010]

  25. Title 22 S.A. Programs Administered by DoD as S.C. • Excess Defense Articles (EDA) • FMS Sale from Stock [§21, AECA (22 U.S.C. 2761] • DoD/USCG Grant Transfer [§516, FAA (22 U.S.C. 2321j] • “as is-where is” principle • Administered by DoD/DSCA, under continuous supervision and general direction of State/PM/RSAT [DoDD 5105.38-M (SAMM)] • FY2008 FMS Sales of EDA -- $7M (current value) • FY2008 Grant Transfers of EDA -- $130M (current value) [Title IV, CBJ, FY2010]

  26. “505” Agreement for Grant Transfers • No defense articles or related training or other defense service shall be furnished to any country on a grant basis unless the country agrees to the following “use” provisions: • Limits use to government officers, employees, and agents • Does not permit unauthorized transfers • Does not permit use for purposes other than those for which furnished • Maintains required security • Will permit observation and furnish information • Returns equipment to the U.S. when no longer needed [§505a, FAA]

  27. Security Cooperation Programs State [22 U.S.C.] Defense [10 U.S.C.] Combined Exercises DCS FMS FMFP IMET EDA Leases ESF C/T C/N Iraq/Afghan NADR HA/HDA PKO JCETs INCLE IACP

  28. Lesson Outline • U.S. Code and Statutes • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoS • Title 22 Security Assistance administered by DoD • Title 10 Train and Equip • International Armaments Cooperation • Humanitarian Assistance • Training and Education • Combined Exercises • Military-to-Military Contact Programs

  29. Train and Equip – Afghanistan/Iraq • $11.6B authorized (and appropriated) during FY11 for ASFF [§1510, NDAA, FY11, P.L.111-84] • DoD ASFF appropriation for FY2012 is $11.2B [Title IX, DoD Approp. Act, FY12, P.L.112-74] • DoS funding for FY12 to include continued ESF, INCLE, and IMET • $1.5B authorized (and appropriated) during FY 11 for ISFF [§1510, NDAA, FY11, P.L.111-84] • No DoD ISFF appropriation for FY2012 • DoS funding for FY12 to include ESF, INCLE, FMFP, and IMET • Normally implemented by DoD/DSCA using pseudo FMS LOA procedures

  30. “1206” Building Capacity of Foreign Military Forces • Up to $350 million annually of DoD funding for providing defense articles, supplies, and training to countries • to conduct C/T operations, or • to participate in or support military and stability operations in which U.S. forces are a participant. • to build capacity of a country’s maritime security forces to conduct C/T operations • Normally executed using pseudo FMS LOA procedures • Must be obligated by end of current FY with 15-day advance notification to Congress • Expires 30 Sep 2013 [§1206, NDAA, FY06, P.L.109-163, as amended]

  31. “1206” Building Capacity of Foreign Military Forces • Up to $350 million annually of DoD funding for providing defense articles, supplies, and training to countries • to conduct C/T operations, or • to participate in or support military and stability operations in which U.S. forces are a participant. • to build capacity of a country’s maritime security forces to conduct C/T operations • Normally executed using pseudo FMS LOA procedures • Must be obligated by end of current FY with 15-day advance notification to Congress • Expires 30 Sep 2013 [§1206, NDAA, FY06, P.L.109-163, as amended]

  32. “1206” Building Capacity of Foreign Military Forces (cont) AuthorityObligations FY2006 $200M $100.0M FY2007 300M 273.6M FY2008 300M 272.4M FY2009 350M 339.9M FY2010 350M 340.6M FY2011 350M 247.5M FY2012 350M FY2013 350M ________ Total $2,550M $1,574.0M Ref: CRS Rpt 7-5700 of 13 Jan 12

  33. “1206” Building Capacity of Foreign Military Forces (cont) • Overall: 34 countries, 14 multilateral • Top Tier (44%): Yemen - $252.6M, Pakistan - $203.4M, Lebanon - $128.5M • Upper Middle Tier (19%): Philippines, Indonesia, Bahrain, Malaysia • Just initial support, no sustainment • FY11 emphasis was Africa and coalition partners • Questions: • Effectiveness • Sustainability • Timeliness • DoD military tool or DoS political tool • Permanent DoD authority or a sub-set of FMFP Ref: CRS Rpt 7-5700 of 13 Jan 12

  34. “1206” Support of Foreign Forces Participating in Operations to Disarm the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) • $35M of DoD funding annually during FYs 12-13 for providing log support, supplies, and training for foreign forces in operations to mitigate and eliminate the LRA threat • to include Uganda national military forces, and • of other countries determined by SecDef, with SecState concurrence • 15-day advance notification to Congress prior to any obligation of funds • Except in self-defense or rescue ops, no U.S. mil/civ/contractor personnel to engage in combat operations [§1206, NDAA, FY12, P.L.112-81]

  35. “1207” Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF) • Authorizes a program for either DoD or DoS to provide equipment, supplies, and training assistance to countries designated by SecState, with the concurrence of SecDef, to: • Enhance the capabilities of a county’s national military and other security forces that conduct border and maritime security, internal security and counterterrorism operations, as well as their agencies to: • Conduct such security and counterterrorism operations, and • Participate in or support military, stability or peace support operations • Support the justice sector, rule of law programs, and stabilization efforts where determined that instability challenges the existing capabilities. • Any assistance is to be jointly formulated by DoD and DoS • Any USG agency may assign personnel to DoS for GSCF purposes • Any activity is to be 20% funded by DoS and 80% funded by DoD • $200M in FY12 DoD O&M is authorized for transfer to the GSCF [Sec. 8089, DoD Approp. Act, FY12, P.L.112-74] • $50M in FY12 INCLE, FMFP, or PCCF is authorized for transfer to the GSCF [Sec. 8004, S/FOAA, FY12, P.L.112-74] • Authorized thru FY2015 [Sec. 1207, NDAA, FY12, P.L.112-81]

  36. “1207” GSCF Transitional Authority • Until SecState reports that GSCF procedures are in-place and operational, or NLT 30 Sep 12, an authority is provided to SecDef, with SecState concurrence, to provide equipment, supplies, training, and minor milcon assistance to enhance: • Not exceeding $75M, the capacity of national military and security forces, and border security forces in Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya and to the African Union Mission in Somalia to conduct C/T ops against al-Qaeda, any of its affiliates, and al-Shabaab. • Not exceeding $75M, the ability of the Yemen MOI C/T forces against al-Qaeda and any affiliates in Yemen. [Sec. 1207, NDAA, FY 2012, P.L.112-81]

  37. Pakistan Security Cooperation • Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund (PCCF) • $850M appropriated to DoS for FAA/AECA assistance • Remain avail thru FY2013 [Title VIII, S/FOAA, FY2012, P.L.112-74] • SecState authorized to transfer any PCCF funding to the DoD PCF account [for implementation] [§204, P.L.111-73] • PCCF can be used to fund DoS share ($50M) of GSCF • $472M in agreements during FY2010 • Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund (PCF) • $800M appropriated to DoD for security forces assistance, • Remain avail thru FY2012 [Title IX, DoD Approp. Act, FY2012, P.L.112-74] • Pseudo FMS LOA procedures are normally used

  38. “1208” Support of Special Operations to Combat Terrorism • Up to $50 million annually of DoD funding for providing support to foreign forces, irregular forces, groups, or individuals • Engaged in supporting or facilitating ongoing U.S. special forces operations to combat terrorism • Authority cannot be delegated below SecDef • Congressional notification NLT 48 hrs of use • With concurrence of the relevant COM • Expires 30 Sep 2015 [§1208, NDAA, FY05, P.L.108-375, as amended]

  39. Non-Conventional Assisted Recovery Capabilities (NCARC) Assistance • With a COCOM determination and the concurrence by the relevant COM, plus a written 72-hr advance congressional notification by the SecDef, non-conventional assisted recovery capabilities (NCARC) assistance is authorized. • Up to $20 million annually of DoD O&M funding to provide NCARC support to foreign forces, irregular forces, groups, or individuals to facilitate the recovery of DoD/USCG mil/civpers or other personnel who become separated or isolated during U.S milops and cannot rejoin their units without such assistance. • This authority is not for “1206” assistance purposes. • Expires 30 Sep 2013 [§943, NDAA, FY09, P.L.110-417, as amended]

  40. Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) • Authorizes DoD, in consultation with DoS, to allow the COCOM to negotiate a bilateral agreement with a country for reciprocal, reimbursable OCONUS logistics and services support • Congressional notification is required prior to negotiations • Originally in 1980 only within NATO • 100 agreements are now in-place worldwide • Used for non-SME articles and services • Not to be used when U.S. commercial sources are reasonably available • Reimbursement can be cash, replacement-in-kind, or supplies or services of equal value [10 U.S.C. 2341-2350]

  41. “1202” Significant Military Equipment (SME) Loans to Certain Forces • For combined operations forces in Iraq or Afghanistan, or peacekeeping operations forces or while training for such deployment • Only USML Cat. I, II, III, VII, XI, and XIII items • Only when no unfilled U.S. rqmt exists, and with SecState national security interest concurrence • Transfer is subject to provisions of AECA and any other military export laws • The loan cannot exceed one year • Implemented using Acquisition Cross-Servicing Agreements (ACSAs) [10 U.S.C. 2341, et seq. and SAMM, C11.1.2] • Expires 30 Sept 2014 [§1202, NDAA, FY07, P.L.109-364, as amended]

  42. “1202” Significant Military Equipment (SME) Loans to Certain Forces Applicable U.S. Munitions List (USML) Categories • Cat I – combat firearms .50 cal or less • Cat II – guns greater than .50 cal • Cat III – ammo for cat I and II weapons • Cat VII – military vehicles (less tanks) • Cat XI – military electronics other than fire control equipment • Cat XIII – hardware associated with measurement or modification of system signatures for detection of military articles (SME portion) [Section 121.1, ITAR]

  43. No-Cost Transfer of Defense Articles to Iraq or Afghanistan • DoD no-cost transfer of defense articles to Iraq or Afghanistan mil/security forces; however, the articles must be-- • Present either in Iraq or Kuwait on 28 Oct 09, • Have been in use to support operations in Iraq, and • No longer required by U.S. forces in Iraq or Kuwait Also -- • Aggregate replacement value of transfers may not exceed $750M and • must be exercised by 31 Dec 12 [§1234, NDAA, FY10, P.L.111-84, as amended]

  44. Logistic Support for Allied Forces in Combined Operations • Authorizes DoD to provide logistical support, supplies, and services to allied forces in a combined operation • SecDef must determine that these forces: • Are essential to the success of the operation, and • Would not be able to participate without the provided DoD support • Transfers only: • IAW AECA and other military export laws and • With SecState concurrence • Aggregate value of such support may not exceed $100M in any one fiscal year [10 U.S.C. 127d (from §1201, NDAA, FY07, P.L.109-364)]

  45. “1233” Coalition Support Fund (CSF) • DoD O&M authorized thru FY2012 to reimburse key countries in support of oversea contingency ops • $1.69B appropriated for FY2012 [Title IX, DoD Approp. Act, FY12, P.L.112-74] • But Pakistan reimbursement authority thru FY2013 • For logistical, military, or other support, including access, provided by that nation to or in connection with U.S. milops • Other support includes providing training, supplies, and equipment on a non-reimbursable basis • Subset program entitled “Coalition Readiness Support Program (CRSP)” implemented using pseudo-FMS LOAs • $238M in agreements during FY2010 [§1233, NDAA, FY08, P.L.110-181, as amended]

  46. “1234” Logistics Support for Coalition Forces Supporting Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan • DoD O&M authorized thru FY2012 to provide up to $450M in DoD O&M funding for supplies, services, transportation and other log support to coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan [§1211, NDAA, FY12, P.L.112-81] • Includes airlift and sealift • SecDef must determine: • Supported forces are essential, and • Coalition forces would not be able to participate w/o the support. [§1234, NDAA, FY08, P.L.110-181, as amended]

  47. “1004” DoD assistance for U.S. and foreign C/N law enforcement agencies • First authorized by NDAA, FY91, presently extended thru FY2014. • $3.7M in pseudo FMS LOAs during FY2008 • Authorizes DoD support of provided eqmt, construction, base ops, linguists, intel analysis svcs, recce, training, transportation, etc. for C/N. • Assistance as requested by ASD/SO-LIC and funded by USD(C). [§1004, NDAA, FY91, P.L.101-510, as amended]

  48. “1033” DoD assistance for C/N activities by certain countries • First authorized by NDAA, FY98, presently extended thru FY13 with $100M annually authorized. • $5.7M in pseudo FMS LOAs during FY2009 • Authorizes DoD transfer of patrol boats, non-lethal protective and specialized eqmt, non-lethal components and parts, and maintenance, repair, and upgrade svcs of eqmt used for C/N. • Assistance as requested by ASD/SO-LIC and funded by USD(C). [§1033, NDAA, FY98, P.L.105-85, as amended]

  49. “1033” DoD assistance for C/N activities by certain countries • 13 countries added by Sec. 1006, NDAA, FY12, P.L.112-81 • 35 countries now authorized for “1033” C/N support: Afghanistan GhanaNicaragua Armenia Guatemala Nigeria Azerbaijan Guinea Panama Belize Guinea-Bissau Pakistan Benin Honduras Peru Bolivia Ivory Coast Senegal Cape Verde JamaicaSierra Leone Colombia Kazakhstan Tajikistan Dominican Rep Kyrgyzstan Togo Ecuador Liberia Turkmenistan El Salvador Mauritania Uzbekistan The Gambia Mexico [§1033, NDAA, FY98, P.L.105-85, as amended]

  50. “1021” Unified Counter-Drug and Counterterrorism Campaign in Colombia • Authorizes DoD to fund assistance in support of unified C/N and C/T by Colombia • Authority extended through FY2012 • Also includes the authority to take actions to protect human health and welfare in emergency situations; however: • No combat activities allowed by U.S. mil/civpers or U.S. citizen contractors, except for self-defense or during rescue ops [§1021, NDAA, FY05, P.L.108-375, as amended]

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