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Physical Development in Adolescence

Physical Development in Adolescence. The Biological Sequence of Puberty. Growth hormone (GH). Increase in many hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. Hormones. Growth spurt. Adrenal glands. Hypothalamus. Pituitary. Primary sex characteristics. Gonads (ovaries or testicles).

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Physical Development in Adolescence

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  1. Physical Developmentin Adolescence

  2. The Biological Sequence of Puberty Growth hormone (GH) Increase in many hormones, including testosterone and estrogen Hormones Growth spurt Adrenal glands Hypothalamus Pituitary Primary sex characteristics Gonads (ovaries or testicles) Secondary sex characteristics Gonadotropin- releasing hormone HPA axis and HPG axis

  3. What triggers puberty? • Leptin? • Hormone involved in appetite and metabolism. • Kisspeptin? • Protein produced by the hypothalamus. • Influenced by leptin! • Also influenced by estrogen and androgen levels.

  4. The Timing of Puberty • What is a “normal” age? • Early: before the 3rd percentile of their group • Late: after the 97% percentile of their group • Factors include: genetics, ethnicity, stressors, and nutrition and health care

  5. Precocious Puberty Girls Boys early maturing boys are more aggressive, law-breaking, and alcohol abusing than later-maturing boys (Biehl et al., 2007; Lynne et al, 2007). According to research from Finland, slow-developing boys tend to be more anxious, depressed, and afraid of sex (Lindfors et al., 2007). • Tend to have lower self-esteem, more depression, and poorer body image than do other girls (Compian et al., 2009). • Those with older boyfriends are at increased risk for using drugs and alcohol (Wiechold et al., 2003). • May face relational bullying and physical violence (Shreck et al., 2007).

  6. Changes in the Cebebral Cortex • Frontal lobes are involved in memory, decision making ,reasoning, impulse control, and the ability to multitask. • executive functioning in the prefrontal cortex • spurt of synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning

  7. Changes in the Cebebral Cortex • Limbic system consists of the amygdala, the hippocampus, the basal ganglia, and the hypothalamus. • spurt of synaptogenesis followed by period of synaptic pruning • might be involved in risk taking behaviors

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