We're off to Ancient China!!

1. We're off to Ancient China!! Created by Mrs. Gail Wiltshire Edited and added by Mrs. Neil Interactive Presentation Flight 2008

2. KCN Airline, Flight 2008 will leave Dallas Fort Worth International Airport. We will fly to Chicago to refuel. From Chicago we will fly to Capital International Airport in Beijing, China. Our flight will take almost 21 hours and will cost $1025.00 per person.

3. Before we leave for China • We must all get our passports. We also must decide to get inoculated or not- it is HIGHLY recommended, but not required.

4. Here is a picture from the Qing dynasty, 24th Year of the Guangxu Reign (1898)

5. Inoculation include • Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG). Transmission of hepatitis A virus can occur through direct person-to-person contact; through exposure to contaminated water, ice, or shellfish harvested in contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked and that were contaminated during harvesting or subsequent handling. • Hepatitis B, especially if you might be exposed to blood or body fluids (for example, health-care workers), have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment. Hepatitis B vaccine is now recommended for all infants and for children ages 11–12 years who did not receive the series as infants. *Over a third of Asians have one of the hepatitis Symptoms include: jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea , liver inflammation, and sometimes death

6. Inoculation continued • Japanese encephalitis, if you plan to visit rural farming areas and under special circumstances, such as a known outbreak of Japanese encephalitis. • Rabies, if you might have extensive unprotected outdoor exposure in rural areas, such as might occur during camping, hiking, or bicycling, or engaging in certain occupational activities. • *Japanese encephalitis has an incubation period of 5 to 15 only 1 in 250 infections develop into encephalitis. Severe rigors mark the onset of this disease in humans. Fever, headache and malaise, acute encephalitic stage include neck rigidity, partical paralysis, convulsions and a raised body temperature

7. Typhoid, particularly if you are visiting developing countries in this region. Typhoid fever can be contracted through contaminated drinking water or food, or by eating food or drinking beverages that have been handled by a person who is infected. Large outbreaks are most often related to fecal contamination of water supplies or foods sold by street vendors • As needed, booster doses for tetanus-diphtheria and measles.

8. Please be seated and wait to hear from our pilot.

9. Welcome to KCN Flight 2008 with a final destination of Beijing, China. My name is Mrs. Neil and I will be your pilot during your trip. • Please: Be seated. • Find your seat belt and snap it on. • Stay seated and belted until we have completed take off and are in the air. I will make an announcement when you may take off your belts.

10. My name is Ms. Williams . I would like to welcome you to KCN Flight 2008. I look forward to making your trip as comfortable as possible. I would like to go over a few pre-flight procedures: • You have been provided with a bag in the event you become ill. • Should we experience turbulence and if the air pressure in the cabin decreases, oxygen masks will drop down in front of you. Please place the mask over your face and stay calm.

11. Life vests and floats are located under your seats. • The side doors will open in the event we need to make an emergency evacuation. • Please be aware these are just precautions and I feel certain you will have an enjoyable flight. • Sit back, relax and enjoy your flight. During your flight we will serve a light snack. (For those that signed up for this service) • Should you have any questions or needs, please raise your hand. • Enjoy your flight!!

12. We are now beginning to taxi down the runway.

13. A view from the plane.

14. Bye, Bye USA

16. Please relax and enjoy your in-flight movie. After our movie, we will land in Beijing, China.

18. INTERUPTION • We are experiencing some technical difficulty with our DVD system. • We will not be able to finish the movie. • Please see the flight desk once we land for a complimentary drink on your flight home. * Mrs. Neil’s airlines is NOT responsible for this inconvenience

19. This is your captain speaking. We are preparing to land. Please place all tray and seats in the upright position. • Turn off all electronics. • Please be Seated and fasten your seatbelts • Please discard all trash We are landing 1:00pm Beijing time. It is 45*F/ 7*C. Please enjoy your stay and as always Thank you for flying KCN international

20. Welcome to China! Home

21. Let’s learn more about Ancient China. This part is an interactive presentation. Have fun!! The Great Wall Location Climate and Land Inventions Writing Chinese Zodiac End

22. China is located on the continent of Asia. Europe North America Asia Africa South America Australia Antarctica China is in the shape of a moose.

23. This sign further tells how the Chinese government has restored the Badaling section of the Wall for all to see.

24. This is how the Wall looks as you walk along it. It goes mostly up, but occasionally down for short distances.

25. More about the Wall

26. It also can tip to one side, as it does here. These days, many village folk sell remembrances along the Wall. They attract attention by shouting "Allo!" at every western tourist. If you don't respond, they approach you and stick their merchandise right in front of you.

27. Fun Information • The Great Wall is approximately 4,000 miles long. • The first section of the Great Wall took 10 years to build — at the rate of about one mile per day • The Great Wall was built entirely by hand. • It has been estimated that somewhere in the range of 2 to 3 million Chinese died as part of the centuries-long project of building the wall. • It was built with dirt, stone and bricks. At the top of the wall, a roadway paved with three layers of brick connected the watchtowers. The roadways were wide enough to hold ten soldiers side by side.

28. Inventions Yo-Yo Papermaking Rotating crossbow Abacus Gunpowder Silk Wheelbarrow Compass

29. Papermaking Chinese legend tells that the new invention of paper was presented to the Emperor in the year 105 AD by Cai Lun. Archeological evidence, however, shows that paper was in use two hundred years before then. Either way, the Chinese were significantly ahead of the rest of the world. The craft of papermaking relied upon an abundance of bamboo fiber to produce a fine quality paper. In China the papermaker uses only the traditional materials and methods to produce fine art paper. Back to Inventions Ancient China

30. Gunpowder Imagine their enemy's surprise when the Chinese first demonstrated their newest invention in the eighth century AD. Chinese scientists discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). The military applications were clear. New weapons were rapidly developed, including rockets and others that were launched from a bamboo tube. Once again, the raw materials at hand, like bamboo, contributed ideas for new technologies. Back to Inventions Ancient China

31. Compass By the third century AD, Chinese scientists had studied and learned much about magnetism in nature. For example, they knew that iron ore, called magnetite, tended to align itself in a North/South position. Scientists learned to "make magnets" by heating pieces of ore to red hot temperatures and then cooling the pieces in a North/South position. The magnet was then placed on a piece of reed and floated in a bowl of water marked with directional bearings. These first navigational compasses were widely used on Chinese ships by the eleventh century AD. Back to Inventions Ancient China

32. YO-YO or EMPTY BELL • The oldest toy in the world was the yo-yo. • The "empty bell" was invented during the Ming Dynasty between 1386 to 1644 AD. • During the Chinese festivals in the old days, the Chinese yo-yo presentations played an important role as an entertaining program. The yo-yo became popular in the North part of China in the spring. • The bamboo or empty bell was made of two ends of round saucer shapes with the middle being a horizontal piece of wood. They were mounted on a string and twirled with a vibrating motion. This emitted a humming sound. Back to Inventions Ancient China

33. Abacus The abacus is a calculator for adding, subtracting, dividing and multiplying. Tests have shown that, for operations of addition and subtraction, the abacus is still faster than the electronic calculator. Ancient China Back to Inventions

34. Silk China is the first country in the world that discovered the use of silk. Silkworms were domesticated as early as 5000 years ago. The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. Historical documents record the use of embroidery in China as early as 2255 B.C. Archaeological finds, however, place the beginnings of embroidery at some point during the Shang dynasty(1766B.C.-1122 B.C.) Back to Inventions Ancient China

35. Wheelbarrow The wheelbarrow was invented by the Chinese. The Chinese wheelbarrow had a single wheel in the middle of the wheelbarrow. Farmers used the wheelbarrow to take a load of produce to the market place. Builders used the wheelbarrow to carry heavy building supplies. Soldiers used the wheelbarrow to remove injured or dead people from the battlefield. Back to Inventions Ancient China

36. Repeating Crossbow • In the recent war between China and Japan, 1894-95, the repeating crossbow was frequently seen among troops who came from the interior of the first-named country.The interesting and unique feature of this crossbow is its repeating action, • One hundred men with repeating crossbows could send a thousand arrows into their opponents' ranks in a quarter of a minute.One hundred men with bows, or with ordinary crossbows that shot only one arrow at a discharge, would not be able to loose more than about two hundred arrows in fifteen seconds. Back to Invention

37. Climate There are 4 seasons. China has a variety of plant life. Land Rivers Ancient China

38. Bamboo The Gobi Desert More Land Land Forests Ancient China

39. Gobi Desert • Gobi Desert-found along the Silk Road • Many travels lost their way and sometimes their lives in this desert because they heard voices in the dark, and wondered out. • What is this phenomenon?

40. Land Rivers Mount Everest Hills & Mountains Now slicing nearly six miles (ten kilometers) into the sky, the Himalaya became the highest mountain range on Earth. Mount Everest continues to rise. How fast is the great peak growing? In 1994 researchers placed a global positioning satellite (GPS) device on the South Col, a plateau below the summit. Readings suggest that Everest grows 0.1576 inches (about four millimeters) each year. Ancient China

41. The Yangtze River, called Chang Jiang in Chinese, is the longest river in China and becomes well-known by its Three Gorges scenery. Ancient China

42. Fun Stuff Festivals Homes Clothing Social Class Food Beliefs and Customs Farming, life Terra Cotta Army Entertainment and Pets Chinese Writings

43. The Terra Cotta Army More Army More than 25 years ago, in 1974, Chinese farmers were digging a well in central China when they discovered an important archaeological site. They discovered fragments from the burial grounds of a Chinese emperor, Shi Huangdi (Shee-hwang-dee). His name is also spelled Shihuangdi. Ancient China

44. More Army Qin was the name of the part of China he ruled. He had his army of more than one million soldiers conquer the entire country in 221 B.C. He united all the little kingdoms he conquered and became an emperor. An emperor is the supreme ruler of an empire. Like most Chinese, he believed in taking the real world with him when he died. He wanted his tomb to be spectacular, and he certainly would need an army to protect him when he died. Therefore, he ordered a terra cotta (clay) army be built. He ordered that the terra cotta soldiers be set up in formation with their backs to him. The terra cotta soldiers and horses would stand guard in order to protect him from attack. Ancient China

45. As many as 700,000 people worked for more than thirty years to make the 7,000 - 8,000 soldiers, horses and chariots. When they were first made more than 2,000 years ago, the soldiers were brightly painted and held real weapons. While molds were used to make the bodies, no two soldiers were alike. They had different hair styles, shoes, expressions and uniforms. Over the years, the paint has faded, and vandals have taken the weapons. Most of the bodies are smashed because the wooden ceiling that was above them fell, and terra cotta breaks easily. Therefore, most of the soldiers are in bits and pieces. Archaeologists carefully sift through the dirt inch by inch to find the tiniest parts. Back to Fun Stuff Ancient China

46. Chinese Zodiac More Zodiac The Chinese Zodiac is a twelve-year cycle. It started from Buddhism. According to the story, Buddha called all the animals of China to his bedside, but only twelve animals came. Because he wanted to honor the animals for their devotion, he created a year for each animal. The twelve animals that appeared were the rat, ox, tiger, hare (rabbit), dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and the pig. Each animal has its own special characteristics. Many people believe that these characteristics affect events that happen during the year. In addition, some people believe that people born in a certain year will have qualities of that year's animal. Ancient China

47. More Zodiac Animal Dates Characteristics 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008 charming, bright, creative, thrifty Rat 1949, 1961, 1973 1985, 1997, 2009 steadfast, dependable, methodical Ox Tiger 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010 dynamic, warm, sincere, a leader humble, artistic, clear-sighted Hare/Rabbit 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011 Dragon 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012 flamboyant, lucky, imaginative Snake 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013 discreet, refined, intelligent Horse 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014 social, competitive, stubborn Ancient China

48. Animal Dates Characteristics 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015 Sheep artistic, fastidious, indecisive 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016 witty, popular, good-humored, versatile Monkey Rooster 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017 aggressive, alert, perfectionist 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018 honest, conservative, sympathetic, loyal Dog Boar/Pig 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019 caring, industrious, home-loving Terra Cotta Soldiers

49. More Farm Life Farming,Life • Most of the people of ancient China were peasant farmers who grew crops on small plots of land. Every member of the family helped grow and harvest the crops. • Farmers supplied food to the army and to people in the city. • Farmers in the north grew wheat, millet, and barley to eat. Farmers in the south grew rice to eat. • Farmers may have kept pigs and chickens, but dairy cows were not kept due to a lack of pasture land. • Oxen and water buffalo were used to pull carts and plows. Back to Fun Stuff

50. Farming, Life • Villagers dug ditches and canals to water the fields. • Many farmers used simple wooden or stone tools even after bronze and iron weapons were invented. • The lives of peasant farmers consisted of many long, back-breaking hours tending to crops. • Peasant farmers also had to serve in the army and help with government projects such as building walls and canals. • Poor people spent most of their time growing and preparing food, or doing heavy work such as digging and carrying large loads. • Farmers use a method known as terracing which is cutting flat plains into hillsides. They would farm on the flat plains. The flat plains looked like shelves coming out of the side of a hill. Cutting flat plains into the hillside would also slow erosion in a hilly area. Back to Fun Stuff Ancient China