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Review

Review. What was the Judenrat ? What was Kristallnacht? What led to it? What happened at the Wannsee Conference? Why was it significant? Why didn’t more Jews leave Europe during the Holocaust? What were some ways Jews responded to their circumstances during the Holocaust?.

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Review

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  1. Review • What was the Judenrat? • What was Kristallnacht? What led to it? • What happened at the Wannsee Conference? Why was it significant? • Why didn’t more Jews leave Europe during the Holocaust? • What were some ways Jews responded to their circumstances during the Holocaust?

  2. Rise of the State of Israel Modern Israel in a Nutshell The Israelis By Donna Rosenthal

  3. Israel • Place of contradictions • Jewish – Arab world • Secular/Religious • Modern/Traditional • No homogenous groups • Group Mentality • Everyone part of a family • Tact = dishonesty

  4. The State • Knesset – parliamentary system • 120 members – rep over 20 different political parties • Coalitions must be formed • Political parties rep minority groups and religious groups

  5. Religious State • Not theocracy, but religious in nature • Israeli flag based on a tallit • Jewish holidays are state holidays • Control over life cycle events given to religious groups

  6. Israeli Defense Force • Formed in 1948 • Mandatory military service for men and women • Impact on lives of Israelis • Uniting experience • Think creatively • Family oriented

  7. What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? • Ashkenazim • WASP = White Ashkenazim with Proteksia • Sabra – nickname for native Israelis • Proteksia – Russian term for protection/power • Western and Eastern European • Zionists and first settlers of Israel • Developed Kibutzim – communal living unique to Israel • Holocaust survivors • Majority, shaped Israeli culture, expected future Jewish immigrants to be the same

  8. What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? • Mizrahim • Middle East and Africa • 1948-1960s – 870,000 Jews • Arrived with little or no money • Culturally and religiously different • Traditional Judaism • Different foods and dress • Some wanted them to “assimilate” to Ashkenazim • Still live as minority group • Shas – political party that represents this group

  9. What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? • Russian • Came after 1989 • Well educated • Natan Sharansky • Emigrated in 1986 • Created Yisrael b’aliyah • Member of Knesset 1996-2005 • Not all are Jewish • Cultural differences • Tension with Mizrahi

  10. What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? • Ethiopian • Operation Moses (mid-1980s) • Operation Solomon (1991) • Different culture led to racism • Tension with religious authority of state

  11. Next Class • Class Project • Individual Meetings • Sign-up for time to meet with Professor Berger • Arrive at least 5 minutes before meeting time

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