CASE STUDY: LITANI LOWER BASIN

1. CASE STUDY: LITANI LOWER BASIN Casablanca 11-12 Nov. 2005

2. LITANI RIVER BASIN Qaraoun Lake Yohmor Marjeyoun Qasmiyye Deir Mimess Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

3. LITANI RIVER BASIN Qaraoun Lake Yohmor Qasmiyye Marjeyoun Deir Mimess Main River Subcatchments Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

4. Meeting Casablanca Post workshop processing Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

5. GENERATION OF A PRELIMINARY BASELINE SCENARIO- (PRE-WORKSHOP STAGE) Data Collection Issues questionnaires authorities Field work Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

6. PRELIMINARY ISSUES QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS • Main institutional stakeholders Very important MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND WATER Litani Water Authority South Lebanon Water & WastewaterEstablishment Local Water Authorities • Municipalities representatives • NGO’s and Environmental Associations • Researchers • Associations Unimportant Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

7. Field reconnaissance • Accessibility • Topography • Inflection points Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

8. Geomorphologic sections Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

9. LEGEND Meteorology TS- Climatic Data Daily values are deduced from monthly values based on variation in daily climatic data available for other basins 901- 1100 701- 900 700 Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

10. Geology, Hydrogeology Geometric nodes Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

11. Geology, Hydrogeology Hydrostratigraphic formations are separated by a geometric nodes; each formation having its infiltration coefficient (Aquifer parameters) Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

12. Control points Monitoring station (Litani River authority) i i Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

13. Monitoring stations (2003-2004) Flow TS- daily data QASMIYYE QELIA GHANDOURIYYE KHARDALE Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

14. Demand Nodes= River Use AGRICULTURE TOURISM DOMESTIC Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

15. River Use DOMESTIC • Taibe Pumping station • Water Authority • 18000 m3/day • Water for Taibe and surrounding areas • 3 phases for purification Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

16. River Use TOURISM Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

17. 4 to12 months TOURISM River Use Qaiqayet El Jisr Khardale Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

18. River Use AGRICULTURE Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

19. River Use Land Cover Litani River Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

20. AGRICULTURE River Use • 62km2 (Citrus) • 55km2 (banana) Total: 22 Millions m3/year (Litani water Authority) Litani Irrigation Canal Qasmiyye Litani River Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

21. AGRICULTURE River Use Total: 22 Millions m3/year (Litani water Authority) • 62km2 (Citrus) • 55km2 (banana) ELARD, 2001 Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

22. Preliminary Basin Topology Model Sarafand QELIA N Blate Geometric Blate Geometric Yalouch Qayqayet El Jisr Qasmiyye Geometric Deir Mimess Borj Rahal Haloussiye Srifa Daraya Ain El Kroum Chaqra-Khirbet Selm Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

23. POST-WORKSHOP STAGE Waste water discharge, START NODE Irrigation Demand (10” pipe) Subcatchments nodes (springs near the coast) Geometric node near the area of Tair Falsay VALIDATION AND UPDATE OF BASELINE SCENARIO- Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

24. POST-WORKSHOP STAGE RRM-MODEL Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

25. POST-WORKSHOP STAGE WATER QUALITY MODEL Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

26. POST-WORKSHOP STAGE BOD values <2mg/L Sampling locations WATER QUALITY MODEL Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

27. POST-WORKSHOP STAGE • Part I is completed • Part II is to be completed • Part III in progress WP05 • Established a correlation between • the results of the workshop • and the issues questionnaires Stakeholders • Major issues (workshop): • Physical characteristics • Topology of the River • Water is currently used for different purposes (Irrigation, recreational, domestic) • Water availability • Pollution of the River • Lack of plans • Misexploitation of the water Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

28. FUTURE SCANARIOS • Future scenarios will be developed mainly based on the workshop results (working group III), and Land Use Change (WP05) How do we see the Lower Litani Basin in the future? Change in River Management? Change in climatic inputs? New Infrastructure? Change of water demand? • Change of crops/ change of irrigated lands? • Demographic change? • Increase in urban areas? • Environmental concerns? • Infrastructure • Legislative • Awareness • Management Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

29. FUTURE SCANARIOS • Increase water demand efficiency • Better exploitation of the River • Control sources of pollution • Preliminary Objective • (Weakness of the Basin) • Increase in water supply/ • decrease of pollution • Irrigation canal (2 planned on the River) • Dams (2 planned on the River) • Waste water treatment plant(s) • Hydroelectrical plant(s) • Infrastructure • Decrease in water demand and pollution • Update legislation/improve enforcement • Legal • Decrease in water demand • Management • Water pricing • Irrigation technologies (surface irrigation to drip or sprinkle) • Alternative crops (less water consuming) • Decrease in water demand • water quality improvement • Awareness campaigns Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

30. PROBLEMS • Data acquisition (rainfall, flow in non-legal demand nodes) • RRM model (monthly data, and some of the parameters are very difficult to estimate) • Water Quality (Stream) FUTURE WORKS • Finalize WP05 • Update of stakeholders’ list and information/ resume the analysis of workshop results/ more issues questionnaires (?) • Finalize Baseline scenario (data, economic information, etc.) • Define objectives and constraints • Feedback from WP04 (to input the cost of infrastructure on the River (available feasibility studies) • Optimization runs • Second workshop to quantify constraints, validate scenarios • Finalize case study based on workshop results Intro. Methodology Pre-workshop Post-workshop Future Scenarios problems Future work Conc.

31. Thank you