Nanoscale science and engineering: How nanotechnology is impacting our everyday lives

1. Nanoscale science and engineering: How nanotechnology is impacting our everyday lives Aldrin E. Sweeney, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Science Education Miami Science Museum May 2-3, 2008

2. A little bit about me… • Program Coordinator, Science Education at UCF • Academic background in biochemistry, organic chemistry and science education • Work with colleagues at UCF and worldwide on issues relating to science and engineering education (elementary-undergraduate) • Current research efforts in nanoscale science and engineering education (NSEE)

3. Overview: How nanotechnology is impacting our everyday lives Defining nanoscale science and engineering (“nanotechnology”) Why the excitement about nanotechnology? Examples of “nanotech” in current research … and everyday life U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative and NSEE Examples of NSEE research

5. http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/The_scale_of_things.html

6. What is nanoscale science & engineering? The study of materials and associated physical, biophysical and biochemical phenomena on the scale of ~1-100 nm. The primary appeal of nanotechnology is the potential to manipulate matter at the nanoscale. This leads to the possibility of preparing novel materials (nanomaterials) that have specific, manipulable physical properties and functions.

7. What makes the nanoscale special? • High density of structures is possible with small size. • Physical and chemical properties can be different at the nano-scale (e.g. electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, chemical). • The physical behavior of material can be different in the nano-regime because of the different ways physical properties scale with dimension (e.g. area vs. volume). Prof. Richard Feynman “There’s plenty of room at the bottom”

8. Physical/chemical properties can change as we approach the nano-scale Melting point of gold particles Fluorescence of semiconductor nanocrystals Decreasing crystal size K. J. Klabunde, 2001 M. Bawendi, MIT: web.mit.edu/chemistry/nanocluster Evident, Inc.: www.evidenttech.com By controlling nano-scale (1) composition, (2) size, and (3) shape, we cancreate new materials with new properties  New technologies

9. Popular perceptions of nanotechnology I, Robot (2004) Outer Limits: The New Breed (1995) Star Trek: TNG (1987-1994)

10. Popular perceptions of nanotechnology

11. Nanotechnology is estimated to become a trillion dollar market by ~2010 Areas in which nanotechnologies are expected to impact our everyday lives: • Mechanical engineering • Aerospace • Environmental remediation • Pharmaceuticals & drug delivery • Biotechnology -- CdSe nanocrystals • Electronics • Photonics (communications & computing using photons) • Information storage • Energy storage/transport • Materials engineering • Textiles

12. NANO

13. Nanoshells & SWNTs in cancer therapy

14. Research area 1: Lightweight, multi-functional nano-fibers and materials • Research area 2: Battle suit medicine • Research area 3: Blast and ballistic protection • Research area 4: Chem/bio materials science (detection & protection) • Research area 5: Nanosystems integration

15. Nanofibres help nerves in brain regrow • Researchers at MIT, US, Hong Kong University and Fourth Military Medical University, China, have used a nanofibre scaffold to help nerve cells regenerate in the brains of hamsters. • Peptide nanofibre solution injected into the animals' brains; fibres self-assembled into a network in the void in the brain caused by injury; technique restored at least some sight to ~75% of the animals. • Technique being tested on spinal cord injuries; plans to launch trials in primates and eventually in humans; technique ultimately could help people who have suffered traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries and stroke. • Ellis-Behnke et al, 2006, PNAS

16. Social and ethical issues in nanoscale science & technology

17. What is the National Nanotechnology Initiative? Federal R&D program that coordinates multiagency efforts in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology. Launched in 2001 after approval by U.S. Congress in November 2000 ($422 million in funding, 2001 fiscal year) 23 federal agencies comprise the Initiative, 11 of which have a nanotechnology R&D budget. 2004 fiscal year … $961 million in funding; 2007 fiscal year …. ~$1,445 million in funding; 2009 budget, $1.5 billion in funding www.nano.gov

18. Participants in the National Nanotechnology Initiative

19. Societal implications of nanoscience and nanotechnology * National and global economics * Environmental sustainability * Development of pharmaceuticals * Human lifespan and quality of life * Education/workforce preparation -- Future of K-16 science/engineering education

20. K-16 science & engineering education • Estimated that up to 2 million workers will be needed worldwide in various nanotechnology fields within the next 10-15 years (M. Roco, NSF, International Journal of Engineering Education, 2002). • Fields with greatest immediate anticipated needs: biomedical applications, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidics, opto-electronics, information storage, pharmaceuticals and microelectronics (S. Fonash, Pennsylvania State University, Journal of NanoparticleResearch, 2001).

21. Higher education & career options in nanoscale science and engineering

22. QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS: Aldrin E. Sweeney, Ph.D. Associate Professor & Program Coordinator, Science Education asweeney@ucf.edu