The Northern Colonies

1. The Northern Colonies Chapter 2, Section 3

2. Puritans and Separatists • Puritans – wanted to “purify” the church by making further reforms or changes to the church • Separatists – wanted complete separation from the Church of England because there were still traces of Catholicism in the religion • In England, Separatists and Puritans were fined or put in prison for worshiping in a different way than the Church of England

3. Founding Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower in 1620 • William Bradford headed the group • The Virginia Company funded the expedition • 1691 - became a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

4. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Massachusetts Bay Company was started to make a profit and create a refugee for Puritans • John Winthrop led the new colony • Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in 1630 • Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay inspired the Great Migration – 20,000 English men and women came to New England between 1620 and 1643

5. Witchcraft Trials in Salem • Salem was a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony • Several girls showed strange behavior and claimed to have been bewitched • Forced confessions of witchcraft caused hysteria in the town • Hundreds of people were arrested, nineteen people were executed, others died in jail • The scare soon passed and people were released from jail

6. Connecticut Colony • Started by Thomas Hooker • Left the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he believed in the separation of church and state • 1639 – Thomas Hooker and the Connecticut Colony adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • It was the first written constitution in America • Gave voting rights to all free men, not just church members

7. Rhode Island Colony • Started by Roger Williams • He believed in religious tolerance and left the Massachusetts Bay Colony to pursue • Government and church were separate • People of all faiths, including Jews were accepted

8. New Hampshire Colony • Anne Hutchinson was outspoken about her different religious beliefs and was eventually imprisoned, tried, and banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony • She left and went to Rhode Island • Her brother-in-law started a settlement in what is now New Hampshire in 1638 • It was a royal colony and was the last of the New England colonies to be created

9. New England Education and Public Schools • Public school systems started in New England because Puritans wanted their children to be able to read the Bible and learn a skill • Laws were passed to set up elementary and grammar schools • Girls learned reading, writing, and math in a woman’s home • Boys had more opportunities for education including colleges in the 1700s

10. Colonial Government • Some colonies were ruled by individuals and some by joint-stock companies, but many were eventually ruled solely by the King • Town meetings were where democracy was seen • Only church members and property owners were allowed to vote

11. Relations with Native Americans • English settlements expanded and colonists came into contact with Natives • Pequot War – conflict in Connecticut over land and trade • The war almost wiped out the Pequot Natives • King Philip’s War – Wampanoag leader led attacks that destroyed colonial towns and the colonists burned villages and crops in return • The war ended up almost wiping out the Wampanoags and gave the white settlers more land

12. The Middle and Southern Colonies Chapter 2, Section 4

13. Proprietary Colonies • England owed money to individuals who lent it to the monarchy • To repay them, King Charles II gave land to them in the Americas • These colonies were called proprietary colonies • Those who owned the land ruled the colony • New York, New Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania became proprietary colonies

14. New York Colony • King Charles II gave the land to James, the Duke of York (hence the name New York) • English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans lived in New York • Religious tolerance was allowed • The fur trade was a major money maker for people in New York

15. New Jersey Colony • James, the Duke of York, gave land to Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkley • They named the land New Jersey after Carteret’s home • Berkley ended up selling his portion of the land to English Quakers, which became Pennsylvania and Delaware

16. Pennsylvania Colony • The Quakers settled Pennsylvania under William Penn • Believed in the equality of all men and women • Did not believe in social classes or war • Allowed religious tolerance • Penn recognized Native American’s right to land

17. Delaware Colony • First settled by the Swedes, then the Dutch, and later the English • Penn wanted access to water so he persuaded the Duke of York to give him land near the Delaware River and bay • This land became Delaware • It was a major trade route

18. Maryland Colony • Lord Baltimore founded the colony as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth • More Protestants than Catholics ended up settling there and clashes were common • Toleration Act was passed that protected the right of all Christians to practice their religion

19. The Carolinas • Representative assembly and religious toleration to attract settlers • Southern Carolina: port city of Charleston, prosperous estates, large plantations for rice and indigo, dependent on slave labor • Northern Carolina: small farmers, little to no slave labor • Eventually became to separate colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina

20. Georgia • Made to be a “buffer zone” between Spanish Florida and the colonies • James Oglethorpe settled the colony as a place for debtors • English prisons had terrible conditions and honest people were thrown in there because they couldn’t pay their debts

21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCcgxb_I7SM