ethics

1. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

2. ethics Who was Rosalind Franklin?????? What about Watson & Crick? CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of_Nucleic_Acids:_A_Structure_for_Deoxyribose_Nucleic_Acid Engineering Innovation | ethics

3. ethics Engineering Innovation | ethics

4. carbon nanotubes EN 510.103 | Rods3CNTs1 |

5. 6. nanotubes & nanocomposites V. strength • do much better under tension than under compression – they undergo buckling due to their hollow structure and high aspect ratio • Young’s modulus was estimated by Ebbeson at NEC Research Inst (Princeton, NJ) by measuring the vibrations of free end of a nanotube that was clamped at other end ___ • TEM grid dipped into an ethanolicsoln of SWNTs • Isolated tubes with one end free and extended over • hole in the support • Individual tubes were “stress-tested” by  beam • current density • Slow-scan camera and some serious image analysis • Avg Young’s Modulus = 1.25 TPa ___ BrianWilson star wars Nanotube Radio Layla EN 510.103 | CNTs 3 |

6. 6. nanotubes & nanocomposites • Identity • you’re stuck with your name BrianWilson star wars Nanotube Radio EN 510.103 | CNTs 3 |

7. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

8. ethics Mad World CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4554704.stm Engineering Innovation | ethics

9. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10725773 Engineering Innovation | ethics

10. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

11. ethics What is ethics? What does it mean to you? • moral principles, values • code of conduct • tells us what is right (good) and wrong (bad) • system or code of morals for a religion, group or profession • personal code of conduct based on respect for one’s self, others, and one’s surroundings • a set of principles and values that govern behaviour to accord with a notion of morality CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

12. ethics based on ethical theories • deontology • we have a duty to do those things that are inherently good • respect each other’s autonomy • Follow universal laws • Do not use people solely as a means to an end • Utilitarianism • The greatest good for the greatest number of people • Moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

13. ethics Tests for solving ethical problems • Is it legal? • Is it ethical? • Is it moral? CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

14. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

15. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

16. ethics Ethics in corporations/companies • Identity independent of those who run the company • Trademarks, intellectual property as corporate assets • Unlike personal reputations, can erase problems by dissolving and reforming • Corporate ethics…….? Legal ethics….? • The bottom line - $$$$ CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

17. ethics Professional bodies all have their own code of ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

18. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

19. ethics • You are a process engineer and have signed a secrecy agreement prohibits you from divulging information that the company considers proprietary. • The company has developed an adaptation of a standard piece of equipment that makes it highly efficient for cooling a viscous slurry, but decides not to patent the idea but to keep it as a trade secret. • Eventually, you leave this company and go to work for a candy manufacturer that is not in competition with your former employer. You soon realize that a modification similar to your former employer’s trade secret could be applied to a different machine used for cooling fudge, and have the change made. • Have your actions been ethical? CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 With express permission from the company - OK Engineering Innovation | ethics

20. ethics Case study Your company has a practice of using salaried personnel to run its highly automated plant during strikes. To provide incentive, the company grants double-time pay for any worker over 40 hours per week, plus a $100 dollar a day strike bonus. Ordinarily, overtime pay is never granted to salaried personnel, which includes engineers You and your fellow engineers are non-union, hit hard by inflation, and welcome the opportunity to earn extra pay. The plant is presently being struck by union operators over “unsafe” working conditions, which you eprsonally believe may be unsafe but which are not covered specifically under government safety regulations. The company disputes the union’s contention about safety. The strike looks like it could be a lengthy one. Will you cross the picket line? Whyy? Engineering Innovation | ethics

21. ethics scientific misconduct…..research ethics….academic misconduct • Violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behaviour in professional scientific research A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample definitions: [ 1. Danish Definition: "Intention(al) or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist" 2. Swedish Definition: "Intention(al) distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or publication; or distortion of the research process in other ways." B. The consequences of scientific misconduct can be severe at a personal level for both perpetrators and any individual who exposes it. CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

22. ethics scientific misconduct…..research ethics….academic misconduct • three main “motivators” for scientists to commit misconduct • career pressure • perpetrators always think they know the right answer • areas where reproducibility is not expected to be precise (biology rather than e.g. physics) • Money, ideology, pride CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

23. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 http://www.jhu.edu/ethics/ Engineering Innovation | ethics

24. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

25. ethics Paul HaughPaul Haugh was suspended from a private high school for plagiarism. The high school notified colleges that had accepted Haugh of the plagiarism. Haugh then sued in federal district court alleging breach of contract and libel. Haugh "failed to offer any evidence whatsoever to refute the charge of plagiarism. Furthermore, they did not, either in their pleadings or in their proof, ever assert that the charges of plagiarism or of lying were untrue." Haugh v. Bullis School, 1990 WL 33945 at *1 (4thCir. 1990). The district court granted the school's motion for summary judgment. Haugh then filed an appeal in the Court of Appeals, which affirmed the district court, found the appeal to be both meritless and frivolous, and ordered Haugh to pay US$ 7136 in attorney's fees for the appeal to the school. Id. *1-*2. CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

26. ethics Jason YuDr. Yu was a tenured professor of civil engineering at the University of Utah. The Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee at that University concluded that Yu had failed to give credit to a co-author, which was one instance of plagiarism. They also concluded that Yu had failed to give authorship credit to two former students at Virginia Polytechnic University, Yu's previous employer, for two publications that "were 90% prepared" by the students, which were two other instances of plagiarism. The University of Utah Committee recommended that Yu be suspended for one year without pay. The president of the University accepted this recommendation, but Yu appealed to the internal grievance committee. The grievance committee remanded to the Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee, which on its second hearing recommended that Yu be permanently dismissed from the University, and the president accepted that recommendation. Yu then filed suit in federal district court, which found that "there was ample evidence to support the charges of plagiarism and that termination was permissible under the university's regulations. The court dismissed the action sua sponte." Yu v. Peterson, 13 F.3d 1413, 1415 (10thCir. 1993). Yu appealed and the Court of Appeals affirmed the district court. CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

27. ethics The rules state in a penalty kick, the goalkeeper must not move forward off the goal lineuntil the ball is kicked. Yet U.S. goalie Briana Scurry did precisely thatand was thereby able to block a critical shot that led to the US winning the World Cup. Scurry said "Everybody does it. It's only cheating if you get caught." Her coach remarked "You've got to stretch the rules. Sometimes in Americawe lack the sophistication and we try to play it right by the written law. But the written rule and the spirit of the rule are two different things."What do you think? CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

28. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

29. ethics Jan HendrikSchon….. German physicist, received the Otto-Klung-Weberbank Prize for Physics in 2001, the BraunschweigProze in 2001, Outstanding young investigator of the Materials Research Society in 2002 Hired by Bell Labs in 1997 Condensed matter physics and nanotechnology In 2001 he was listed as an author on an average of 1 research paper every 8 days In 2001 he announced (in Nature) that he had produced a transistor on the molecular scale Would have been the beginning of a move away from Si-based electronics Enable Moore’s Law for much longer…. Engineering Innovation | ethics

30. 6. nanotubes & nanocomposites I. Nanotube radio EN 510.103 | CNTs 3 |

31. ethics Suspicions arose when it was noticed 2 experiments carried out at different temps had identical noise Schon claimed he accidently submitted the same graph twice Same noise in a 3rd paper Formal investigation by Bell Labs Schon had kept no lab notebooks, raw data files had been erased, no samples remained Sept 25th 2002 the committee publicly released the report which showed 24 allegations of misconduct Schon fired that day. In 2004 the Uni. Of Konstanz revoked his PhD Engineering Innovation | ethics

32. ethics CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 Engineering Innovation | ethics

33. ethics Engineering Innovation | ethics

34. ethics Science is a marketplace of ideas, where good ideas must be proven wrong in order to be replaced by better ones Being wrong is an essential part of progress in science Must not confuse being wrong with being guilty Science is self-correcting…… CBC News Online | Updated October 2006 http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/11352 Engineering Innovation | ethics