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SynGas Gasifier

SynGas Gasifier. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Technology Presentation. COAL GASIFICATION versus COAL COMBUSTION. Basic Gasification Technology. Dry Feed Entrained Flow Gasifier using: Pyrolysis – Thermal conversion or destruction of organics in the absence of oxygen (reducing atmosphere).

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SynGas Gasifier

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  1. SynGas Gasifier ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Technology Presentation

  2. COAL GASIFICATION versus COAL COMBUSTION

  3. Basic Gasification Technology • Dry Feed Entrained Flow Gasifier using: • Pyrolysis – Thermal conversion or destruction of organics in the absence of oxygen (reducing atmosphere). • Gasification – Thermal conversion of organic materials at elevated temperatures and reducing conditions to produce syngas (Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide) • Steam Reformation – Vaporized water (steam) added to carbon creates syngas (Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide)

  4. From: NREL:Biomass Gasification Overview, Richard L. Bain, January 28, 2004

  5. Provisional Patent Effective Date: April 11, 2006 Patent Pending Effective Date:

  6. Exclusive Patent Rights Assigned To Thermal Conversions, LLC

  7. 175 dry ton per day Gasification Plant

  8. www.eastman.com/company/gasification/overview.htm

  9. Coal 12,500 BTU Syngas Variable gas compositions available depending upon operation parameters Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Methane Other Ash Sulfur Silica Mercury Chlorine Sodium, etc Feed for Chemical/ Refinery Processes and Electrical Generation Heat up to 1800° F Pressure 80 psi Plus Ionized Water Injection Removed Gasification

  10. Energy Mass Balance(Btu Basis)

  11. Syngas composition operating range for pyrolysis/steam reforming system which includes the range of H2:CO most desirable for production of synthesis fuels. Data collected on pilot scale pyrolysis/steam reforming system operated on biomass feedstock. (Schuetzle, et al. 2007)

  12. Gasification Chemistry • The following chemical equations describe the process that takes place in the conversion of coal or other carbonaceous fuels into synthesis gas.

  13. Process Equations Combustion with Oxygen: C + O2 ↔ CO2 Gasification with Oxygen: 2C + O2 ↔ 2CO Gasification with Carbon Dioxide: C + CO2 ↔ 2CO Gasification with Steam: C + H2O ↔ CO + H2 Gasification with Hydrogen: C + 2H2 ↔ CH4 Water Gas Shift Reaction: CO + H2O ↔ H2 + CO2 Methanation Reaction: CO + 3H2 ↔ CH4 +H2O

  14. SynGas Gasifier Unique Equations NOx Emission Control: CO + NOx +H2O ↔ O2CNO + H2O2 Reaction creates Nitroxyl reactive ions and hydrogen peroxide vapor which provides additional quench water purification and final Nitroxyl precipitation into water filters.

  15. SynGas GasifierUnique Equations Continued SulfurEmission Control: CO + SOx +H2O ↔ O2CSO + H2O2 Reaction creates Sulfinoxyl reactive ions and hydrogen peroxide vapor which provides additional quench water purification and final Sulfinoxyl precipitation into water filters.

  16. SynGas GasifierUnique Equations Continued MetalsEmission Control: O-x + M↔ MOx Ionized oxygen reaction creates metal oxides which are coagulated and precipitated into water filters.

  17. Major US Gasification System Vendors and Projects • E-GAS ConocoPhillips – Upflow, wet fed (slurry) • GE Energy – Downflow, wet fed (slurry) • Shell Gasification – Upflow, dry fed • All use an entrained flow oxygen-blown system of gasification • ConocoPhillips (Global Energy/PSI Wabash River) and GE Energy (Tampa Electric Polk Station) have demonstrated and proven technology in commercial scale IGCC plants

  18. Comparison with Major Entrained Flow Gasifiers Reference: Publication No. LFEE 2005-002 WP MIT Laboratory for Energy and the Environment

  19. Fischer Tropsch Liquid Fuels Process

  20. The Fischer Tropsch Process

  21. Tax Credits • SynGas gasification projects can qualify for several tax credits: • Investment tax credits • Clean coal technology • Alternative fuels • Bio-mass conversion • Waste conversion • Job creation

  22. PC Emissions Improvements

  23. IGCC Power Plant Mass Flow

  24. Power Plant Efficiency Efficiency is defined as the amount of electrical energy produced for sale as a fraction of the amount of fuel consumed in the process, expressed as a percentage. • Conventional – 32 to 37 % • Supercritical – 35 to 43 % • Ultra-supercritical – 45 % potential • Circulating Fluidized Bed – 29 to 34 % • IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) – 37 to 43 % with potential of 50 %

  25. Electricity Flow, 2005(Quadrillion Btu) 65.1% 34.9% 31.3% http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html

  26. Efficiency in Electricity Generation by Process www.umweltbundesamt.at/.../site/umweltthemen/industrie/IPPC_Konferenz/donnerstag_kraftwerke/6-_Van_Aart.ppt

  27. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

  28. CO2 Emission Sources

  29. Bio-Mass SynGas Flame

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