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Dictators

Dictators. I. Adolf Hitler. Took power in 1933, ending democracy in Germany. By 1935, Germany was a totalitarian state. The government controlled the press, schools, religion, etc. Totalitarian Government.

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Dictators

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  1. Dictators

  2. I. Adolf Hitler Took power in 1933, ending democracy in Germany. By 1935, Germany was a totalitarian state. The government controlled the press, schools, religion, etc.

  3. Totalitarian Government • A political system where the government does not have limits to its authority and tries to control every aspect of public and private life. • Citizens have to obey the government without question.

  4. Picture 1 What is going on in this picture? Why is it important?

  5. Check Predictions • This is a photo of German boys practicing the “Heil Hitler” salute. • This picture is an example of totalitarianism in Nazi Germany. All German citizens were required to greet each other with this salute.

  6. II. Benito Mussolini (Italy) Outlawed political parties (except his own), controlled the press, and banned criticism of his government. Created the fascist movement.

  7. Fascism • A political philosophy that puts the nation above the individual. It is a totalitarian government, headed by a dictator. Advocates using violence to stop opposition. • Extreme form of nationalism.

  8. Picture 2 What is going on in this picture? Why is it important?

  9. Check Predictions • These little boys are members of an Italian fascist youth group called “Sons of the Wolf.” They are participating in a parade in 1938. 2. A Fascist or totalitarian government wants everybody to think the same. One way they can stop opposition is to train children.

  10. III. Emperor Hirohito (Japan) The head of state in Japan’s constitutional monarchy. His position was hereditary. He was born to the ruling family.

  11. Constitutional Monarchy • A form of government with a monarch as head ruler. A monarch rules for life and usually comes into power through birth. • The monarch’s power is limited by a constitution, so they do not have absolute power. • Authority usually lies in a constitution and a Parliament, a body of lawmakers.

  12. Picture 3 What is going on in this picture? Why is it important?

  13. Check Predictions Emperor Hirohito is performing military inspections. The emperor is elevated, showing he is supreme. The military official bows to him in a show of respect and submission.

  14. IV. Hideki Tojo (Japan) He was a military general and the Prime Minister of Japan (head of the government) during WWII. Took over much of the power of the government and imposed a militaristic rule. Nationalist.

  15. Picture 41. What is going on in this picture?2. Why is it important?

  16. Check Predictions • General Hideki Tojo recovers from a suicide attempt in a U.S. hospital. He was arrested and found guilty of war crimes, resulting in his execution. 2. Suicide was viewed as less humiliating than capture or execution. The nationalist Japanese government encouraged soldiers and citizens to commit suicide rather than be taken by Allied forces.

  17. V. What Happened? A. 1931: Japan invades and conquers Manchuria, an area in northern China. • Wanted to expand territory and take natural resources. • Proved the League of Nations was too weak and powerless to protect other countries.

  18. B. 1935: Mussolini invades Ethiopia. • Wanted resources and land. • Ethiopians did not have modern weapons and did not stand a chance. • Ethiopia asked the League of Nations for help, but the League took little action.

  19. C. Hitler expands east. • 1938: German annexation of Austria. • March 1939: Hitler invades Czechoslovakia. 3. September 1939: Hitler invades Poland.

  20. Closure • What would it be like to live under a totalitarian government? Explain why you think this. • These dictators were extremes nationalists. In your own words, explain what an extreme nationalist is. • How did the League of Nations react to the dictators we learned about today? Why do you think the League responded this way?

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