Social Studies CORE 9

1. Social Studies CORE 9 Tuesday, September 11, 2012

2. Agenda • Discuss Packers’ Loss • Discuss “Purposes of Government” Practice • Discuss On-Demand Paragraph & Rubric • Types of Government PowerPoint • Types of Government Activity • Discuss • Introduce Assignment due Friday • Introduce Wednesday’s research

3. Types of Government Activity • 11 groups of 3 • 3 stations: Oligarchy, Autocracy, & Democracy • 1 person at each station • Read the descriptions • Look at the quotes and images • Respond to the questions • After you finish at your station, return to your group and tell them about your government. • Then complete the last two pages

4. Types of Government (Political Systems) • Throughout history, many types of government, or political systems, have been theorized, attempted, modified, and sustained. • The type or system of government a country has is largely imposed (forced) upon the people. • However, when the people have become dissatisfied, in many cases, they have found a way to change the system to better meet their needs

5. Oligarchic • Rule by the few • The military, the wealthy, the intellectuals • Rule in their own interest • What gives them more power, more money? • Mostly disregard the interests or needs of the majority population

7. Oligarchic Case Studies • Theocracy – Vatican City • God’s law dictates state law; rule by a religious leader • The Catholic Pope has absolute legislative, executive, and judicial powers, but grants some to the Pontification Commission of 7 Pope appointed cardinals • Provides three of the four purposes: • Keep order – Gendarmeria • Economy – printing industry, tourism, central bank • Public services – transportation, communication, pharmaceutical

8. Oligarchic Case Studies • Communist – Vietnam • Its current state constitution asserts the central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam in all organs of government, politics and society. • The General Secretary of the Communist Party performs numerous key administrative and executive functions, controlling the party's national organization and state appointments, as well as setting state policy

9. Oligarchic Case Studies • Communism – Vietnam • Three Branches • The President of Vietnam is the commander-in-chief of the military. • The Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government • The National Assembly of Vietnam is the unicameral legislature of the state. • The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, headed by a Chief Justice, is the country's highest court of appeal, though it is also answerable to the National Assembly.

10. Oligarchic Case Studies • Communism – Vietnam • Transition from state-controlled agriculture to socialist market economy • Privately owned businesses and farms • Has led to decrease in vast economic inequalities • Egalitarian land subsidies • Public Healthcare • State-controlled Education

11. Autocratic • Rule by a single leader • Has absolute authority over functions and procedures of government • King, Queen, or Emperor • Throne handed down through families • Also known as Absolutism or Authoritarianism

13. Autocratic Case Studies • Absolute Monarchy – Brunei • Current Sultanate (Islamist King) His Majesty Sultan HassanalBolkiah has full executive authority • Is also the state's Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Defense Minister.

14. Autocratic Case Studies • Absolute Monarchy – Brunei • Although an absolute monarchy, the state provides many services. • National Military • Airport, ferry system, and well-developed highway • Healthcare costs B$1 (one Brunei dollar)

15. Autocratic Case Studies • Constitutional Monarchy – Denmark • Queen Margrethe II is head of state (ceremonial) • Operates under a constitution which separates three branches of government • Parliament – legislative • Elected by majority, but Prime Minister can ask monarch for a vote • Prime Minister – Executive • Appointed by monarch and parliament committee • Courts of Justice - Judicial

16. Autocratic Case Studies • Totalitarian Dictatorship – Franco’s Spain • Francisco Franco took control of the government after the Spanish Civil War (1939) • Violently suppressed any opposition to his rule • Used media to control Spanish culture • Used Guardia Civil and Policia Armada as means of social control • Enforced Catholic religion

17. Democratic • Rule by the people – one person, one vote • The people have considerable control over the government • Most democratic governments today are representative democracies

18. "The death of democracy is not likely to be an assassination from ambush. It will be a slow extinction from apathy, indifference, and undernourishment." - Robert Maynard Hutchins

19. Democratic Case Studies • Direct Democracy • No nations exist which practice a true, or pure democracy • This would require that the citizens of a country directly vote on matters of the state – i.e. legislation, war, treaties, etc. • The United States does, however, maintain some states with direct democratic powers • Wisconsin – referendum, initiative, recall

20. Democratic Case Studies • Representative Democracy – Germany • The head of the government is appointed by the legislature and/or the head of state (king) • Representatives are elected to make decisions for the electorate (the people) • Divided into lower and upper houses, in which the upper house has checks on the lower, elected, house • Not necessarily respectful of electorate’s individual liberties

21. Democratic Case Studies • Republican Democracy – The United States of America • Head of state (President) is elected by the people • Representatives are elected by the people • A governing document limits the rights and powers of elected officials • The President’s decisions are subject to judicial review