Classical, Medieval & Renaissance Art

1. Classical, Medieval & Renaissance Art

2. Classical Art • The classical period covered the height of the Greek culture and the Roman Empire, from its rise in 500 B.C. to A.D. 500. The people of these ancient societies developed many of the ideas that, today, make up our mathematics, science, literature, and art. Forms of Art The Purpose: to show the importance of people and leaders, as well as the gods and goddesses. • Sculpture • Painted Pottery • Murals • Mosaics

3. Characteristics of Classical Art • Figures look idealized, perfect • Bodies look active, move convincingly • Bodies are often nude, sometimes draped in togas • Faces are bland and calm, without emotion • Scenes show heroic figures or real people doing real tasks of daily life • Little background or sense of perspective (when distant objects look smaller and far away.)

4. Classical Statue of Venus or Aphrodite Bathing Faces are bland and calm, without emotion Figures look idealized, perfect (Obviously for the time period) Scenes show heroic figures or real people doing real tasks of daily life (Bathing in this case) Bodies look active, move convincingly (Notice how it seems she has just twisted) Little background or sense of perspective (Not so noticeable in a statue since you don’t usually have backgrounds) Bodies are often nude, sometimes draped in togas (You probably noticed)

5. Grave Stele of Hegeso 400 B.C. Figures look idealized, perfect (Obviously for the time period) Faces are bland and calm, without emotion Scenes show heroic figures or real people doing real tasks of daily life (Having a conversation) Bodies look active, move convincingly (For instance she is leaning more on one foot.) • Little background or sense of perspective (Nothing other than the arch) Bodies are often nude, sometimes draped in togas

6. Medieval Period Forms of Art: Sculptures Paintings Tapestries Stained glass windows Illuminated manuscripts Purposes: To teach religion to people who cannot read or write. The Medieval Period in Europe, which lasted roughly from A.D. 500 to A.D. 1400, was characterized by the rise of feudalism and the controlling power of the Catholic Church in people’s lives.

7. Characteristics of Medieval Art • Subjects mostly religious • Figures look flat and stiff with little real movement • Important figures are large • Fully clothed, draped in deeply carved, stiff looking clothes • Faces are solemn with little emotion • Paintings use vibrant colors • Backgrounds a single color, often gold, no interest in creating a realistic space

8. Cimabue’s Madonna and Child in Majesty A.D. 1280 Faces are solemn with little emotion Paintings use vibrant colors Backgrounds a single color, often gold, no interest in creating a realistic space Subjects mostly religious Figures look flat and stiff with little real movement Important figures are largest Fully clothed, draped in deeply carved, stiff looking clothes

9. The Bayeux Tapestry A.D. 1082 Faces are solemn with little emotion Paintings use vibrant colors Backgrounds a single color, often gold, no interest in creating a realistic space Subjects mostly religious Figures look flat and stiff with little real movement Important figures are large Fully clothed, draped in deeply carved, stiff looking clothes

10. Renaissance The Renaissance included a rebirth of interest in classical culture. It began around 1400 and lasted until 1650. People rediscovered the writings and artworks of the Greeks and Romans, borrowed their ancient ideas, and combined them in new ways. Forms of Art: Sculpture Murals Drawings Paintings Architecture Purposes: To show the importance of people and nature, not just religion.

11. Characteristics of Renaissance Art: • Both religious and nonreligious scenes • Figures look idealized, perfect • Bodies may look active, moving • Bodies may be nude or clothed • Real people doing real tasks of daily life • Faces express what people are thinking • Colors respond to light that falls on them • Interest in nature, lots of natural detail • Full, deep backgrounds with perspective • Paintings are symmetrical (balanced on both sides)

12. Titian’s Venus and Adonis A.D. 1550 Bodies may look active, moving Colors respond to light that falls on them Interest in nature, lots of natural detail Full, deep backgrounds with perspective Paintings are symmetrical (balanced on both sides) Both religious and nonreligious scenes Figures look idealized, perfect (Ideal for the time) Bodies may be nude or clothed Real people doing real tasks of daily life Faces express what people are thinking Notice the similarities to Classical Art

13. Filippo Lippi’s Madonna and Child with Angels A.D. 1406 Bodies may look active, moving Colors respond to light that falls on them Interest in nature, lots of natural detail Full, deep backgrounds with perspective Paintings are symmetrical (balanced on both sides) Both religious and nonreligious scenes Figures look idealized, perfect Bodies may be nude or clothed Real people doing real tasks of daily life Faces express what people are thinking

14. Michelangelo’s Pieta A.D. 1475 Bodies may look active, moving Interest in nature, lots of natural detail Simple triangular structure yet there are many other angles and lines within it. Faces express what people are thinking (Mary’s expression is equal to the Mona Lisa) (is it prayer or sorrow?) Both religious and nonreligious scenes Figures look idealized, perfect (Mary young for the mother of a 33 year old.) Bodies may be nude or clothed (Both in this case) Real people doing real tasks of daily life (Holding the body of her dead son) The Classical Art form lifted to new heights. Notice just how real this statue looks. The fabric is a different texture than her skin.