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TOEFL (Structure) Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4 8 th grade

TOEFL (Structure) Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4 8 th grade. Galina Polikhronidy Grammar school #40 Taraz , Kazakhstan. Give definitions:. A simple s-ce A compound s-ce A complex s-ce. consists of one clause .

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TOEFL (Structure) Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4 8 th grade

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  1. TOEFL (Structure)Revision Lesson before Mini-test 48th grade Galina Polikhronidy Grammar school #40 Taraz, Kazakhstan

  2. Give definitions: Asimple s-ce A compound s-ce A complex s-ce consists of one clause. consists of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunctions andor but. consists of an independent clause (the main clause) and a dependent (subordinate) clause.

  3. Define the type of clause: • People need vitamins. (a simple s-ce) • The man took a vitamin pill because he had a cold. ( a complex s-ce: IC + AdvC) • The man took a vitamin pill, and he drank a glass of orange juice. (A compound s-ce) • I didn’t realize that Nancy was there. (a complex s-ce: IC + NC) • Tom walked to his office, which is located on Broadway, every day during the summer. (a complex s-ce: IC + AC)

  4. Clauses with There and It • There + • It + • It+ • It+ • It +

  5. Clauses with There and It • There + to be + subject. • It + to be + adjective + to V • It + to be + adverbial + Noun Clause • It + to be + noun + Adjective Clause • It + to take + time phrase + to V

  6. Give definitions: • Incomplete Adj-ve Clauses • Incomplete Adverb Clauses • Incomplete Noun Clauses modify a noun in another clause of the s-ce. AC usually begins with an AC marker. consist of an AdvC-marker and, at least a subject and a verb. begin with NC – markers. NC that are formed from statementsbegin with the NC – marker that. NC that are formed from yes/no questions begin with the NC – markers whether or if. Those formed from information questions begin with wh-words: where, when, what, etc.

  7. Put the marker in the correct column:

  8. Put the marker in the correct column:

  9. Define the type of the highlighted clause: • This is the patient whom the doctor treated. • Art that is in public places can be enjoyed by everyone. • Don’t put off going to the dentist until you have a problem. • Because the speaker was sick,the program was cancelled. • Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecided. • The weather announcer said that there would be the thunderstorms. • This is what you need.

  10. Reduced AC and AdvC: Reduced AC Notional VerbTo be ActivePassive Noun Phrase VingV3 Participial Appositive Phrases(Noun phrase) Marker is reduced Reduced AdvC Notional verbTo be ActivePassive VingV3Adjective Marker is NOT reduced

  11. Reduce the following AC and AdvC: • Minnesota, which joined the Union in 1858, became the 32nd state. • William and Mary College, which was founded in 1693, is the second oldest university in the United States. • Buffallo Bill, who was a famous frontiersman, operated his own Wild West Show • When astronauts are orbiting the Earth, they don’t feel the force of gravity. • Althoughithadbeendamaged, themachinewasstilloperational. • Some people like to listen to music while they are studying. !!! Reduced AdvC is NEVER used after because!!! !!! AC & AdvC can only be reduced when the S of the Main Clause and the S of the Sub-te Clause are the SAME!!!

  12. Prepositional Phrases in the same meaning as Adverb Clauses: • Because of • Due to • On account of • In spite of • Despite • During • Because/Since • Because/Since • Because/Since • Although/Even though • Although/Even though • When/While

  13. Change these AdvC into Prepositional Phrases: • He chose that university because/sinceit has fine reputation. • Visibility is poor today because/sincethe air is polluted. • He enjoys motorcycle riding although/even thoughit is dangerous. • Her father lived in England when/whilehe was a child.

  14. Check up: • He chose that university because of/due to its fine reputation. • Visibility is poor today on account of/because of air pollution. • He enjoys motorcycle riding in spite of/despite the danger. • Her father lived in England during his childhood.

  15. Vocabulary Revision. Find antonyms: • Extra • Solid • Straight • Remote • To weaken • To survive • Harmless • Dense • Shallow • Natural • To strengthen • Deep • Necessary • Harmful • Artificial • Curved • Liquid • Loose • To die • Close

  16. Vocabulary Revision. Find antonyms: • - c Extra • - g Solid • - f Straight • - j Remote • - a To weaken • - iTo survive • - d Harmless • -h Dense • -b Shallow • - e Natural • To strengthen • Deep • Necessary • Harmful • Artificial • Curved • Liquid • Loose • To die • Close

  17. Match the pairs of synonyms: • Despite • Frontier • Primarily • To preserve • Face-to-face encounters • To struggle • On account of • Mature • Aircraft • Nearly • Due to • Meetings in person • To fight • Almost • Border • In spite of • Plane • Mainly • Grown-up • To save

  18. Match the pairs of synonyms: • Despite • Frontier • Primarily • To preserve • Face-to-face encounters • To struggle • On account of • Mature • Aircraft • Nearly • In spite of • Border • Mainly • To save • Meetings in person • To fight • Grown – up • Due to • Plane • Almost

  19. Name the geometric figures:

  20. Name the geometric figures: A triangle A square A circle A curved line A straight line A rectangular An oval A ring

  21. Insert the prepositions: • To depend … • To consist … • … addition … • To be known … • To be concerned … • To have an effect …. • … a clear night • To be … use • The struggle … survival • To shine … the sunlight • A major impact … • To be … rest • To be concentrated … • An availability … sth • To talk … sb • To be interested … • … photographs • … age

  22. Insert the prepositions: • To depend on • To consist of • In addition to • To be known for • To be concerned with • To have an effect on • On a clear night • To be in use • The struggle for survival • To shine in the sunlight • A major impact on • To be at rest • To be concentrated on • An availability ofsth • To talk tosb • To be interested in • In photographs • With age

  23. Make a compound noun: • Rain • Every • Wide • Down • Smoke • Fire • Fortune • Upside • Water • Deep • Air • tissue • jumpers • down • bow • way • spread • craft • where • teller • fighter • ward

  24. Make up a compound noun: • Rain • Every • Wide • Down • Smoke • Fire • Fortune • Upside • Water • Deep • Air • tissue • jumpers • down • bow • way • spread • craft • where • teller • fighter • ward

  25. Using prefixes make the following words negative: • … understood • … believable • … expensive • … agreement • …conception • … dependent • …aided • Misunderstood • Unbelievable • Inexpensive • Disagreement • Misconception • Independent • Unaided

  26. Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words: Verb Noun Noun Noun Design Mobile Tour Leader Sponsor • React • Resemble • Discover • Invent • Survive • Require • Preserve • Specialize

  27. Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words: Verb Noun Noun Noun Design - designer Mobile - mobility Tour – tourism, tourist Leader - leadership Sponsor - sponsorship • React - reaction • Resemble - resemblance • Discover - discovery, discoverer • Invent - invention, inventor • Survive - survival • Require - requirement • Preserve - preservation • Specialize – specialist, specialization

  28. Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words: Noun Adjective Industry Necessity Commerce Allergy Flower Convenience Money • Absence • Science • Poison • Resident • Colour • Picture • Fertility

  29. Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words: Noun Adjective Industry- industrial Necessity - necessary Commerce -commercial Allergy - allergic Flower - flowering Convenience – convenient Money- monetary • Absence - absent • Science - scientific • Poison - poisonous • Resident - residential • Colour - colourful • Picture – picturesque • Fertility - fertile

  30. Do the Mini-test 4. • I variant : 1 - d 3 - d 5 - b 7 - c 9 - b 11 - a 13 - c 15 - a 17 - a 19 - a • II variant: 2 - c 4 - a 6 - d 8 - d 10 - a 12 - d 14 - c 16 - b 18 - a 20 - a

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