1 / 59

ACB EN 300 328 V1.8.1

ACB EN 300 328 V1.8.1. Michael Derby ACB Europe 9 April 2014. Introduction. American Certification Body TCB, FCB, RCB, Notified Body Notified Body to the R&TTE Directive Michael Derby Regulatory Engineer, TCB, FCB, Notified Body EMC and Radio Test Engineer for many years

charron
Download Presentation

ACB EN 300 328 V1.8.1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. ACBEN 300 328 V1.8.1 Michael Derby ACB Europe 9 April 2014

  2. Introduction • American Certification Body • TCB, FCB, RCB, Notified Body • Notified Body to the R&TTE Directive • Michael Derby • Regulatory Engineer, TCB, FCB, Notified Body • EMC and Radio Test Engineer for many years • Previously on ETSI TG11 (EN 300 328)

  3. Introduction of Presentation • EN 300 328 (primary focus here is V1.8.1) • The standard is used by many people • Quick poll? • Applicable to WLAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc. • Does not exclude other device types or technologies • 2.4 GHz frequency band is very busy • Significant changes observed in the last few years • Sensitive, provocative, controversial topic • Chris is on standby!

  4. Introduction of Presentation • Agenda • Only 45 minutes… don’t expect many numbers! • Deleted text in favour of ‘future’ section • European Regulatory process for R&TTE • Standards, Decisions, Notified Body, Directive • Harmonised Standards, Official Journal, DoC • EN 300 328 • History and technical requirements • Changes to the test methods • The future

  5. European Compliance • Process for authorising radios in Europe • The R&TTE Directive • It’s a ‘Declaration of Conformity’ Directive • The DoC is to the Directive • Not a certification to the standard • Dynamic DoC applies each day to each unit • Harmonised Standards • Simple way to ‘presume’ compliance with Directive • Standards are listed in the Official Journal

  6. European Compliance • Hierarchy within the system:

  7. DoC and HS • Harmonised Standards (HS) • Used to give “presumption of conformity” to the manufacturer (or who placing on market) • Declaration of Conformity (DoC) • Applies on each new day, to each new unit • Helps with technology and interference issues • Notified Body statement of opinion • DoC, when Harmonised Standard not applied • Or does not (fully) comply with HS

  8. Official Journal (OJ) • Official Journal on Europa website • Updated periodically • Perhaps once per year (though request for more) • List of current harmonised standards (and version) • A transition period with superseded standards • OJ explains dates of transition • New standards added without transition • In rare cases, a ‘note’ is added to the OJ • As with EN 300 328 V1.7.1, since 2009

  9. EN 300 328 History • EN 300 328 V1.6.1 (2004-11) • No specific spectrum sharing requirements for non FHSS transmitters • Expired from OJ on 30 June 2008

  10. EN 300 328 History • EN 300 328 V1.7.1 (2006-10) • Medium Access Protocol is mandatory (“U”) • No test methods presented in the HS • If using HS route (Annex III of R&TTE D) • Manufacturer responsible for own decision • If using NB route (Annex IV of R&TTE D) • NB assess spectrum sharing (esp. non-WLAN) • For WLAN, it ‘was’ assumed that 802.11 was ok

  11. EN 300 328 History • EN 300 328 V1.7.1 (2006-10) • Note added to OJ on 15 December 2009 • Spectrum sharing, DAA, LBT is required for HS • Explained that draft V1.8.1 was in progress • Confirmed ‘mandatory’ nature of requirement • Note added to OJ on 23 October 2012 • Spectrum sharing tests of V1.8.1 to be used for HS • Reaffirmed mandatory nature of requirement • V1.7.1 (including additional note) will cease HS on 31 December 2014

  12. EN 300 328 History • EN 300 328 V1.7.1 (2006-10) • Why is spectrum sharing such a surprise? • Manufacturers assumed labs were doing it? • Labs assumed manufacturers were doing it? • Innocent ignorance of the requirements? • Lazy avoidance of the full requirements? • Lack of regulatory knowledge? • Genuine misunderstanding of WLAN technology?

  13. EN 300 328 History • EN 300 328 V1.8.1 (2012-06) • Added to the OJ on 23 October 2012 • Spectrum sharing requirements mandatory • Medium Access Protocol replaced by ‘Adaptivity’ • Test methods introduced for various technologies • (To be clarified on later slides) • Clearer requirements and test methods • As requested by TCAM, European Commission; and Industry

  14. EN 300 328 History • Reasons for change: • Interference in the band • TCAM statement that 2.4 GHz band must be technology neutral • 2.4 GHz is a busy band • Something needed to be done • “Medium Access Protocol” was in the standard • Requirement was mostly ignored • Therefore detailed test methods were required • ETSI instructed to create these test cases • European Commission and TCAM

  15. EN 300 328 History • Reasons for change: • Power measurement challenges • Medium Utilisation (MU) required a test method that captures and stores values for burst power and duration over a long observation period • Noting that power can change from burst to burst • Many existing technologies have variable duty cycle • Regulators and MSA want ‘real life’ test methods • No customised test modes permitted • Cannot use non-realistic test modes

  16. EN 300 328 History • Choice of test methods: • Test methods are written by the attendees at the ETSI meetings • Test labs, manufacturers, regulators • I used to attend as a test lab representative • The ‘various options’ in previous versions • Presently, the TCB Council is not a contributor

  17. EN 300 328 History • Final Draft EN 300 328 V1.8.2 (2014-04) • Download now from ETSI website • Now in the final phase of National vote • Not on the OJ • It’s a draft • Some changes • Discussed at the end of this presentation • It will become EN 300 328 V1.9.1

  18. Essential V1.7.1

  19. Essential V1.8.1

  20. V1.7.1 verses V1.8.1

  21. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Disclaimer:Read the standard for full details! • We will discuss some of the most significant new additions in EN 300 328 V1.8.1 • There is not enough time to go through each section in detail, of course

  22. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Equipment Types: Operation of the EUT • Adaptive and non-Adaptive modes, modes of operation, modulations, channel utilisation, number of transmitter chains, antennas, etc. • All to be declared to the test lab, by manufacturer • Testing route will depend on the declaration • Annex E of EN 300 328 V1.8.1 gives sample form • This should be included in the test report • Not appearing in many test lab’s reports!

  23. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Equipment Types: • Section 4.2.2 – Explanation of “Adaptive Equipment” and “Non-Adaptive Equipment” • Adaptive equipment uses automatic mechanisms for avoiding interference with other radios • Non-adaptive equipment uses alternative means to reduce interference with other radios, such as low duty cycle or low spectrum utilisation • This is common to other ETSI EN standards • Such as EN 300 220, EN 300 440, etc.

  24. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Extreme Test Conditions: • Section 5.1 – Extreme temperature & voltage • Previously dictated by the standard • Now it is at the declaration of the manufacturer • Note that reasonable guidance does exist • EN 300 019 series of standards • Gives recommended levels for location types

  25. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • General layout of the standard • Split between FHSS and non-FHSS devices • Within each section (FHSS & non-FHSS), there is a split between adaptive and non-adaptive devices • Adaptive FHSS can be silent on occupied channels or jump immediately to next channel • Adaptive non-FHSS choose/avoid channels • Adaptivity or low MU (interference reduction) only applies to devices >10 mW e.i.r.p.

  26. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Output Power • Applies to FHSS and non-FHSS • Limit is still 20 dBm (100 mW), e.i.r.p. • Fast Power Sensor of minimum 1 MS/s is needed • Spectrum Analyser or ‘normal’ power meter not used • FHSS equipment tested while hopping during normal operation mode • Non-FHSS tested on three channels (B, M, T) during normal operation mode

  27. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Output Power • Test method is quite lengthy and complicated • Duty cycle correction no longer used • Sensor captures data for processing to find burst power • MIMO test synchronised on all ports together • Storage of data and processing • Gating of power sensors • It’s different to the method used before • Signals of varying duty cycle • Linked to MU; a calculation of power and time

  28. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Power Spectral Density • Applies to non-FHSS only • Limit is still 10 dBm/MHz, e.i.r.p. • Test method is new • Different RBW and settings • Use 10 kHz RBW to measure multiple 1 MHz segments • Analyse to find the worst one • Post test data processing required

  29. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Occupied Channel Bandwidth • Applies to FHSS and non-FHSS • Based on 99% bandwidth • Must fall completely within band (band edge) • Partly replaces the old Frequency Range test • For non-Adaptive FHSS with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • Limit: <5 MHz • For non-Adaptive non-FHSS with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • Limit: <20 MHz

  30. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Occupied Channel Bandwidth • Top and Bottom channels to be tested • For FHSS, it is a test of an individual hopping channel • Not the whole hopping band • May need to stop the hopping to test

  31. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Tx Emissions out-of-band • Applies to FHSS and non-FHSS • This is really a ‘band edge’ type of test

  32. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Tx Emissions out-of-band • Measured in the time domain (zero Hz) • Multiple plots for multiple segments • Tested at nominal and extreme conditions • (Only at nominal in EN 300 328 V1.8.2)

  33. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Tx Spurious Emissions • Applies to FHSS and non-FHSS • Limits and RBW requirements are new • V1.7.1 was not aligned with other ETSI standards • Based on ERC Recommendation 74-01 • Lower limits in sensitive broadcast bands • New (aligned) resolution bandwidth above 1 GHz • No differentiation between narrow and wide band • Procedure for final measurements is different • In general, requirements are now (correctly) tougher

  34. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Tx Spurious Emissions

  35. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Tx Spurious Emissions • Test can be done radiated with antenna connected • Test can be done conducted from the antenna port and then additionally from the cabinet with the antenna port terminated

  36. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Rx Spurious Emissions • Applies to FHSS and non-FHSS • Limits are the same as V1.7.1 • RBW requirements are different! • V1.7.1 was not aligned with other ETSI standards • New (aligned) resolution bandwidth above 1 GHz • No differentiation between narrow and wide band • Procedure for final measurements is different • In general, requirements are now (correctly) tougher

  37. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Rx Spurious Emissions

  38. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Spectrum Sharing • Reducing interference within the band • TCAM: “Ensuring equal access to all and in case of congestion, graceful degradation to all” • Two main ways to achieve this: • Adaptivity • Detect and avoid (DAA) • Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) • Listen Before Talk (LBT) • Low medium utilisation (power and time) • Reduce power, or duty cycle, or both

  39. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Spectrum Sharing • Adaptive and non-Adaptive modes • It is possible that a device could have both modes • It is not always possible to define the 'Equipment’ • If a device has both modes, then each mode must comply with the requirements for that mode • Example might be Bluetooth with Low Energy mode

  40. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Spectrum Sharing (idealistic) e.i.r.p. <10 mW Yes No Adaptive Yes No Yes MU < 10% No Fail Pass

  41. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Spectrum Sharing (idealistic) • Note that whilst some devices ‘should’ meet the requirements, the tests exist for a reason • Devices which are supposed to be ‘adaptive’ may fail to meet the tests if the adaptive firmware is not correctly set, or has been disabled, or could be disabled • This needs to be considered with regard to the set-up access an installer might have • User cannot be permitted to cause non-compliance

  42. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: FHSS Requirement • Dwell Time test and limit • Adaptive Equipment; silent on busy channels • 400 mS in 400 mS x Channels • (e.g., 31.6 seconds for 79 channel Bluetooth) • Requirement is like FCC • Non-Adaptive Equipment; always transmitting while hopping but ‘blacklisting’ is permitted

  43. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: FHSS Requirements • Hopping Frequency Separation • Adaptive and Non-Adaptive Equipment / Mode • Adaptive Equipment limit: >100 kHz • Non-Adaptive limit: >Occupied Bandwidth with a minimum of 100 kHz

  44. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: FHSS Requirements • Duty Cycle, Tx Sequence, Tx Gap • Non-Adaptive Equipment or Mode • Only applies to devices with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • MU approach is used • Tx Sequence is transmission (single or multi channel) • Tx Gap is silent period between transmissions • Tx Sequence <5 mS • Tx Gap >5 mS • Maximum duty cycle is 50%

  45. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Non-FHSS Requirements • Duty Cycle, Tx Sequence, Tx Gap • Non-Adaptive Equipment or Mode • Only applies to devices with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • Tx Sequence is transmission (or burst) • Tx Gap is silent period between transmissions • Maximum duty cycle is 50% • Max Tx Sequence = Min Tx Gap = ‘M’ • ‘M’ must be in range 3.5 mS to 10 mS • Observed over a 1 second period

  46. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: FHSS / Non-FHSS Requirement • Medium Utilisation Factor (MU) • Non-Adaptive Equipment or Mode only • Only applies to devices with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • MU(%) = (Pburst/100 mW) x Duty Cyle % • Device may have dynamic MU • Power level and duty cycle varying over time • Less power will allow higher duty cycle • MU limit is 10% • 100 mW power would require 10% duty cycle • 50% duty cycle would require 20 mW power

  47. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: FHSS Requirements • Adaptivity • Adaptive Equipment or Mode only • Only applies to devices with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • Uses DAA mechanism to identify used frequencies • May be LBT; check availability before transmission • Or; check availability after transmission (BER or PER) • Detection or reaction thresholds proportional to output power, e.i.r.p.

  48. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Non-FHSS Requirements • Adaptivity • Adaptive Equipment or Mode only • Only applies to devices with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • Uses DAA mechanism to identify used frequencies • May be LBT; check availability before transmission • Or; check availability after transmission (BER or PER) • Clear Channel Assessments • Detection or reaction thresholds proportional to output power, e.i.r.p.

  49. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Non-FHSS Adaptivity • Two main types of non-FHSS are described • Frame Based equipment and Load Based equipment • Frame Based equipment • Transmit/Receive structure is not demand driven • Load Based equipment • Transmit/Receive structure is demand driven • Test method looks similar to DFS • Or blocking found with many other radio types, such as Fixed Links or Cellular Base Stations • Includes other than co-channel interference

  50. New Requirements of V1.8.1 • Technical: Receiver Blocking • Applies to FHSS and non-FHSS • Adaptive Equipment or Mode only • Only applies to devices with >10 mW, e.i.r.p. • Uses DAA mechanism to identify used frequencies • May be LBT or may be ‘other’ (such as real interference) • In-band interfering CW signal at -30 dBm • (Change to -35 dBm in EN 300 328 V1.8.2) • Ability to detect and avoid other signals • Or blocking found with Fixed Links or Base Stations

More Related