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1. Introduction

1. Introduction. 2. Fact or Fiction?. 3. The Aging Process. 4. The Sexual-Reproductive System. 5. Health Habits. 6. Measuring Health. 7. Variations. 8. Closing Thoughts. Introduction. Video: Topic 20. Fact or Fiction?. Fiction. Fact.

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1. Introduction

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  1. 1. Introduction 2. Fact or Fiction? 3. The Aging Process 4. The Sexual-Reproductive System 5. Health Habits 6. Measuring Health 7. Variations 8. Closing Thoughts

  2. Introduction Video: Topic 20

  3. Fact or Fiction? Fiction Fact 1. Fifteen percent of all couples in the United States are infertile. 2. Menopause is a time of difficulty and depression for most women. 3. The average level of testosterone in men declines markedly during adulthood. 4. Fifty percent or more of American adults are obese.

  4. Senescence senescence: A gradual physical decline related to aging. How does a person’s appearance change from childhood through adulthood?

  5. How does vision change with age? Changes in Aging Vision Accuracy of vision overall Ability to focus on a point a foot away 20/10 14 12 20/20 10 20/30 8 6 20/40 4 20/50 2 presbyopia 20/60 0 20 40 60 80 100 15 25 35 45 55 0 5 65 Age (years) Age (years) (a) (b) Source: Meisami, 1994.

  6. Organ Reserve Video: Signs of Aging in Hearing

  7. Fertility What are some causes and treatments for infertility? Infertility Male cause Female cause Infertility treatments Common reason: low sperm count Anything that impairs the body over a 75-day period and reduces sperm count, shape, and motility (activity)—like fever, radiation, prescription drugs, drug abuse, alcoholism, cigarette smoking Anything that impairs physical functioning—like certain diseases, smoking, extreme dieting, and obesity Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that scars tissue and blocks fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the ovum Assisted reproductive technology (ART) overcomes obstacles such as low sperm count and blocked fallopian tubes In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one ART procedure that involves the help of donor sperm, ova, and wombs to help the partner that is infertile or a person with no partner of the other sex

  8. Fertility Video: Infertility and IVF Treatment

  9. Menopause What happens to the sexual-reproductive life of men and women in middle age? andropause: A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass (also called male menopause). menopause: The time in middle age, usually around age 50, when a woman’s menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops. Strictly speaking, menopause is dated one year after a woman’s last menstrual period, although many months before and after that date are menopausal.

  10. Drug Use Because North American men have been quitting for decades, lung cancer deaths for 55- to 64-year-old males are about half what they were in 1970. How does smoking affect adult health in the United States? Cigarette Smoking in the United States Percent Percent Percent Older Adults (over 65) 30 Emerging Adults Adults (25-64) 50 50 40 40 20 30 30 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 1970 1990 2007 1970 1990 2007 1970 1990 2007 Year Year Year Men Women Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2010.

  11. Eating How many adults in the world are obese? Source: World Health Organization Global InfoBase, 2010.

  12. Preventative Medicine What can adults do to help prevent common, chronic diseases? Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2009.

  13. Mortality and Morbidity mortality: Death; usually refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 members of a given population. morbidity: Disease; usually refers to the rate of disease in a given population—physical and emotional, acute (sudden) and chronic (ongoing). How does the United States compare to other countries in life expectancy? Life Expectancy at Birth, 2006 Female Male Australia Poland France Spain Germany Turkey Japan United Kingdom Mexico United States Norway 60 70 80 90 60 70 80 90

  14. Disability and Vitality disability: Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life. vitality: A measure of health that refers to how healthy and energetic an individual actually feels. DALY: Disability-adjusted life years QALY: Quality-adjusted life years Why do DALY and QALY measurements matter? 70 years old 70 years old x x 10 % reduced function 100 % vitality = = 63 DALYs 70 QALYs DALY calculations measure the reduced quality of life caused by disability QALY calculations compare mere survival without vitality to survival with good health. A full year of health is a full QALY; people with less than full health have a fraction of QALY each year. Thus, their total QALY is less than the total years they live.

  15. Ethnicity and Health Which U.S. group, on average, is healthier: Those who are foreign-born or native-born? Risk of Heart Attack in U.S. Immigrants and Native-Born Americans Foreign-born 50 U.S.-born 40 Prevalence of plaque (percent) 30 20 Source: Lutsey et al., 2008. 10 0 White Chinese Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

  16. Closing Thoughts From what you learned in this presentation, what are some ways in which senescence influences major life choices for adults between the ages of 25 and 65?

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