Protein Synthesis

1. Protein Synthesis Transcription

2. Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus DNA vs. RNA

3. 3 Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA): Carries information from DNA to ribosome for________________. • Transfer RNA (tRNA): Transport _________________. • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up the _____________. protein synthesis amino acids ribosomes

4. Part 1:Steps of Transcription enzyme • An _________ attaches to a section of DNA, separating the two strands. • The enzyme moves down the DNA, building a strand of RNA that is ______________ to the DNA. • The enzyme reads a _____ code and the new strand of RNA is completed and moves into the _______________. complementary STOP cytoplasm

6. Protein Synthesis Translation

7. Protein Structure • Protein is made up of amino acids • What bond connects the amino acids? • Polypeptides- chain of amino acids

8. The genetic code • The base sequence is read in groups of _____ ___________ __________. • Each 3-nucleotide sequence is called a ______. • Each codon encodes for a specific ______ _____or a ______or ______signal. three adjacent nucleotides codon amino acid start stop

9. Codon • 64 different codons and 20 amino acids • Each codon codes for an amino acid (protein) • Other codons code for “start” and “stop” signals for protein synthesis • EX: GGU codes for glycine

11. Amino Acid Anti-codon

12. Steps of Translation • mRNA attaches to a _________. Amino acids floating in the cytoplasm are transported to the ribosome by _______. • The first tRNA binds to the ______ codon: AUG. ribosome tRNA start

13. Another tRNA binds to the next codon and carries the appropriate amino acid. A _______ ______ forms between the two amino acids. • The first tRNA leaves and the ribsome moves across the next _______. peptide bond codon

14. Another tRNA binds to the codon and attaches the corresponding amino acid. The ____________ chain continues to grow. • Finally, the ribosome reads the ______ ______, and the polypeptide falls off the ribosome. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/translation/prtsynth.mov polypeptide STOP codon

15. Amino acid tRNA polypeptide ribosome mRNA

16. The final step of protein synthesis: The polypeptide made at the end of translation, folds into the proper ________, becoming a functional ________. shape protein

17. The central dogma of biology DNA  RNA  protein

18. Sickle Cell Anemia