Grammar

1. Grammar The Passive

2. 由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。

3. am/is/are 一般现在时 am/is/are+being 现在进行时 be + done have/has+been 现在完成时 shall/will+be 一般将来时

4. was/were 一般过去时 was/were+being 过去进行时 be + done had+been 过去完成时 would+be 过去将来时

5. 在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 但在被动语态中，要改为带to的不定式作主语补足语。如: see/hear/make sb. do sth. Sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth. They saw the boyfall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

6. 4. 短语动词结构。相当于及物动词的短 语动词也可以有被动语态。 如: look after, give up, take care of, pay attention to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。 孩子们得到了很好的照顾。 The children are taken good care of. 大火已经扑灭了。 The big fire has been put out.

7. 特别注意 • 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有 • 被动语态。 不及物动词, 不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。 如: happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。 Correct mistakes: This room is belonged to me. belongs to This music is sounded sweet. sounds

8. 2. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的 意思，如: open, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等。 Your article reads well. This type of car sells well in China. This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.

9. 3. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 如： It is said that … It is reported that … It is hoped that … It is well known that … It is believed that … It must be pointed out that …

10. Exercise 1. — Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. — ______ from here? A. Can it see B. Can it be seen C. Can be seen it D. Can see 答案 B。 Town Hall (市政厅) 应当是 被看见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因 这是一个问句，故选B。

11. 2. — The ceremony has already started. — Look! The flag is ______ now. A. being raised        B. risen C. being rose           D. raising 答案 A。 rise vi. 升起，不能有被动 形式，故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举 起，升起。后要接宾语，故D不适 用。 being raised正在被升起，正符 合题意。

12. 3. The assassination attempt ______ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw by C. seen by  D. was seen for 答案 A。assassination暗杀。根据题意：暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。

13. 4. The things talked about in this report ______ over a year ago.  A. had taken place     B. took place C. have taken place    D. were taken place 答案 B。发生 (take place, occur, happen) 均为不及物动词(词组)，没有 被动语态。

14. 5. The Anti-Japanese War ___ in 1937 and it _____ eight years. A. was broken out; lasted B. broke out; lasted C. break out; lasts D. broke out; was lasted 答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。

15. 6. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand ______. A. feels so cold     B. is felt so coldly C. feels so coldly    D. feel so cold 答案 A。 feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem, sound, look 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。

16. 7. I need one more stamp before my collection ______. A. has completed           B. completes C. has been completed        D. is completed 答案 D。before引导的时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来，而collection与complete之间为被动关系。 我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。

17. 8. In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. A. is serving         B. is served C. serves               D. served 答案 B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选择。serve意思是“供给”或 “送上”，此处应用被动语态。 在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶和蔗糖。

18. 9. He'll be an astronaut by the time he ___ thirty. A. is        B. had been C. will be          D. is going to be 答案 A。主句中用的是一般将来时，by the time引导时间状语从句中用现在时态表示将来。 到他三十岁时，他就会成为一名宇航员。

19. 10. If city noises ___ from increasing, people ___ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 答案 A。If从句中，“噪声被加以控制” 需用被动语态，答案为A或B。主句中时间状语为“从现在起二十年后”，要用将来时表示，所以答案为A。

20. 如果对城市的噪声不加以控制，二十年后甚至在餐桌上人们将不得不大声叫嚷才能使对方听见。如果对城市的噪声不加以控制，二十年后甚至在餐桌上人们将不得不大声叫嚷才能使对方听见。

21. 11. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ____.  A. will be taken    B. are taken C. were taken       D. had been taken 答案 B。主句中为一般将来时，unless引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，而“措施”应该是“被采取”，用被动语态。 如果不采取措施，河水将会进一步受到污染。

22. 12. Good care must ___ babies particularly while they are ill. A. take             B. take of C. be taken           D. be taken of 答案 D。 take care of babies 意为“照看婴儿”。句子主语为care，谓语动词必须用被动语态，所以答案为D。 婴儿必须得到精心的照顾，尤其是在他们生病时。

23. I. Multiple choice 1. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused

24. 2. Much attention should ____ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads, which may ____ traffic jams and more accidents. A. pay to; result in B. be paid; result from C. be paid to; result in D. be paid; result from

25. 3. My sister ______ a good chance to go abroad for further education. A. offered B. was offering C. has offered D. was offered 4. A book ____ more than once if you want to understand it better. A. must be readed   B. must be read   C. must to be read   D. must read

26. 5. Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear. • A. is used B. are used • C. have used D. has been used • 6. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? • —No. I __. Did they have a big wedding? • was not invited B. have not been invited • C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite

27. 7. --- Your job ___ open for your return. --- Thanks. (2006北京) A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 8. The construction of the two railway lines ____ by now. (2006陕西) A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed

28. 9. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海) A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected

29. 10. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ____ at the garage. (2006重庆) A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 11. Customers are asked to make sure that they ____ the right change before leaving the shop. (2006重庆) A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given

30. 12. --- I don’t suppose the police know who did it. --- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ____ now. (2006江苏) A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned

31. 13. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered. (2006福建) A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 14. In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南) A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held

32. 15. It is said that the early European playing cards ____ for entertainment and education. (2006辽宁) A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed

33. 16. Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (2006山东) A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered

34. 17. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. (2007全国I) A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 18. As the years passed, many occasions — birthdays, awards, graduations — ____ with Dad’s flowers. (2007湖南) A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked

35. 19. Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) _______ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007重庆) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought

36. 20. — Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? — Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now. (2007辽宁) A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading

37. 21. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _____ to arrive. (2008全国I) A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 22. Officials say that few patients ______ with the virus owing to the effective prevention. (2008上海春) A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected

38. 23. He ___ as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. (2008重庆) A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded 24. — Do you have any problems if you ___ this job? — Well, I’m thinking about the salary. (2008湖南) A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered

39. 25. — Why don’t we choose that road to save time? — The bridge to it _______. (2009四川) A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired 26. The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. (2009北京) A. treatedB. were treated C. would treatD. would be treated

40. 27. It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area. (2010陕西) A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 28. You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010四川) A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected

41. 29. The church tower which _____ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (2010上海) A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 30. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised

42. 12. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. （2007 上海） A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered

43. 13. I got caught in the rain and my suit__.（2007 北京） A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined

44. 15. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（2007 江苏） A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 16. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ____ seriously.（2007 上海春） A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged

45. 17. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology. （2007 天津） A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered 18. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet. （2007 浙江） A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

46. II. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given. • I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday. • English __________ (find) very useful. • 3. The work ______________ (finish) • tomorrow. • 4. The flowers _______________ (water) by them now. was given is found will be finished are being watered

47. was being built 5. The railway ______________ (build) this time last year. 6. The new way ____ already _________ (build). 7. The new railway ____________ (build) by the end of last year. 8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month. 9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States. has been built had been built would be held is grown

48. Put the verbs in brackets into the Passive. Use the Present Simple or Past Simple tense. 7 Every year in April, the Water Festival (1) ____________ (celebrate) among the Dai people in Xishuangbanna. is celebrated

49. During this festival, water (2) _________ (splash) everywhere to wash away the old and welcome the new. Buckets of water (3) __________ (carry) around the streets and people attack each other by splashing anyone and everyone. is splashed are carried

50. are told Tourists (4) ________ (tell) that they are welcome to join in but they cannot splash senior citizens, small children and police on duty! The festival marks the Dai New Year and (5) ________ (relate) to Buddhist traditions. Over three days, Buddha statues (6) __________ (wash), dragon boats (7) ________ (race) and rockets (8) ___________ (launch) in celebration. is related are washed are raced are launched