1 / 31

” Nothing in biology makes sense unless it is viewed in the light of evolution".

Figures and references are from: DOE Human Genome Program and this website: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis. ” Nothing in biology makes sense unless it is viewed in the light of evolution".

celeste-clarke
Download Presentation

” Nothing in biology makes sense unless it is viewed in the light of evolution".

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Human Genome Project

  2. Figures and references are from: DOE Human Genome Program and this website: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis. The Human Genome Project

  3. ”Nothing in biology makes sense unless it is viewed in the light of evolution". The Human Genome Project

  4. Begun in 1990, the US portion of the Human Genome Project was a 13-year effort coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. The project originally was planned to last 15 years, but rapid technological advances have accelerated the completion date. It is now finished 4 years early. http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/home.html The Human Genome Project

  5. Project goals are to • identify all the more than 100,000 genes in human DNA, (That is what they thought at the time.) • determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, • store this information in databases, • develop tools for data analysis, and • address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. The Human Genome Project

  6. Where are we now? The amount of genetic information doubles each year. The Human Genome Project

  7. First Human Chromosome Completely Sequenced! On December 1, 1999, researchers in the Human Genome Project announced the complete sequencing of the DNA making up human chromosome 22. The Human Genome Project

  8. The Human Genome Project

  9. ………….researchers at the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek, California, have decoded in draft form the genetic information on human chromosomes 5, 16 and 19. The chromosomes contain an estimated 10-15,000 genes, including those whose defects may lead to genetically linked diseases such as certain forms of kidney disease, prostate and colorectal cancer, leukemia, hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis. The Human Genome Project

  10. Progress Toward HGP Sequencing Goals: 97.7% of 3 billion DNA base pairs Working draft sequence Goal: 90% by summer 2000 79.1% (2,540,358,000 bases) (01/May/00) Finished, high quality sequence: Goal: 100% by 2003 18.6% (598,586,000 bases) (01/May/00) The Human Genome Project

  11. What is meant by Gene Mapping? The Human Genome Project

  12. Genomic geography. The human genome can be mapped in a number of ways. physical maps genetic linkage maps The Human Genome Project

  13. A Hierarchy of Gene Maps: Whole chromosome—100 million base pairs Which chromosome? mouse-human cell fusion techniques The Human Genome Project

  14. Fragment the chromosome into 100-200 pieces. Each piece is about 100-200 kilo base pairs Separate the fragments and insert them into large cloning vectors (for ex: a YAC.) The Human Genome Project

  15. A cytogenetic map is based on staining or in-situ hybridization of chromosomes. Resolution = 3-4 M bases The Human Genome Project

  16. A linkage map is based on frequency of recombination between traits. The first linkage maps were done on the X chromosome. The Human Genome Project

  17. Physical maps are based on restriction mapping of marker locations on fragments. Sets of YAC clones (100-1000 kilobases) Cosmid clones (40 kilobases) Plasmid clones (17 kilobases) The Human Genome Project

  18. A “contig” is a set of overlapping clones. The Human Genome Project

  19. YAC = yeast artificial chromosome ARS Centromere Telomeres ARS (autonomously replicating sequence) Some minimum amount of DNA (can accommodate several 100 Kilobases of DNA) The Human Genome Project

  20. The DNA sequences of overlapping clones can be put together to map the sequence of genes or particular regions of chromosomes. The Human Genome Project

  21. EST = Expressed Sequence Tags The Human Genome Project

  22. The Human Genome Project

  23. Technology Recombinant DNA Gene Sequencing PCR Cell Fusion cDNA EST’s The Human Genome Project

  24. The Human Genome Project

  25. Applications The Human Genome Project

  26. The Human Genome Project

  27. Assignment 2: Annotated Bookmarks of Web Resources for Human Genetics and the Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project Gene Data Bases Resources on Inherited Diseases Genetic Counseling Educational Resources The Human Genome Project

  28. Organization Science Technology Applications Social and Ethical Issues The Human Genome Project

  29. deCODE´s research on the origin of Icelanders The Human Genome Project

  30. Iceland: A genetically homogeneous population with detailed medical records going back more than 60 years. The Human Genome Project

  31. “I find it disgusting that people can make such huge amounts of money by breaking ethical rules.” says psychiatrist Peter Hauksson, who is among the 25 percent of Icelanders who object to Stefansson’s plan. The Human Genome Project

More Related