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Nervous System Outline

Nervous System Outline. Health Occupations. Nervous System Functions. Directs the functions of all human body systems 100 Billion Nerve cells Carry messages from brain to rest of body. Neurons . The basic element of nervous system Highly specialized Vary in function, shape, and size

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Nervous System Outline

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  1. Nervous System Outline Health Occupations

  2. Nervous System Functions • Directs the functions of all human body systems • 100 Billion Nerve cells • Carry messages from brain to rest of body

  3. Neurons • The basic element of nervous system • Highly specialized • Vary in function, shape, and size • Separated by synapses • Gaps in between each neuron • Neurotransmitters • Stimulates impulse to jump to next nerve

  4. Neurons • 3 Parts • Cell Body • Have fibers to reach out to send or receive impulses • Dendrites • Thin branching extensions of cell body • Conduct nerve impulses to cell body • Axon • Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body • Covered by a myelin sheath • Fatty tissue that makes impulse travel faster • End of axon has fibers that let the impulse leave the nerve

  5. Neurons • 2 Basic Properties • Excitability • Ability to respond to a stimulus • Conductivity • Ability to transmit a signal

  6. Neurons • 3 Types • Efferent (motor) • Carry information to muscles and glands from CNS • Afferent (sensory) • Carry information from sensory system to CNS • Interneurons • Carry and process sensory information

  7. Neuron bundles = Nerves • Stimulus Receptor Impulse Nerve Receptor

  8. Neuroglias • Support, connect, protect, and remove debris • Do not transmit impulses • Form blood-brain barrier • Permits some chemical substances to reach the brain’s neurons but blocks most others

  9. Central Nervous System (CNS) • Consists of: • Brain • Spinal cord • Center of Control

  10. CNS Functions • Receives and interprets all stimuli • Sends nerve impulses to instruct muscles and glands to take over or respond to certain actions • Causes Voluntary and Involuntary actions

  11. Brain Divisions • Brainstem • Cerebellum • Cerebrum • Diencephalon

  12. Brain Stem • Midbrain • Visual reflexes • Pons • Controls certain respiratory functions • Medulla Oblongata • Regulates heart & lung functions • Swallowing • Vomiting • Coughing • sneezing

  13. Cerebellum • Coordinates musculoskeletal movement • Maintains balance • Posture • Muscle tone

  14. Cerebrum • 2 hemispheres • Left and Right • Cerebral Cortex • Conscious decision making • Four Lobes • Frontal • Moral Behavior, voluntary motor movements • Parietal • Controls and interprets senses and taste • Temporal • Memory, equilibrium, emotion, hearing • Occipital • vision

  15. Diencephalon • Deep portion of brain • Contains: • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Relay center for sensations • Controls: • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Temperature regulation • Water and electrolyte balance • Digestive functions • Glandular activities

  16. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • Fills the area between the brain and cranium • Watery fluid that contains various compound • Cradles and cushions brain

  17. Extends from base of brain to first lumbar vertebrae in back Protected by: Cerebrospinal fluid Vertebral column Meninges 3 layers of membranes that cover brain and spinal cord Spinal Cord

  18. Meninges • Dura Mater (outer layer) • Tough, fibrous • Contains channels for blood to enter brain tissue • Arachnoid Mater (middle layer) • Web-like structure • Pia Mater (innermost layer) • Contains blood vessels that nourish spinal cord

  19. Peripheral Nervous System • 12 Cranial Nerves • Carry impulses to and from the brain • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities of the body

  20. Peripheral Nervous System • 2 Subsystems according to function • Somatic Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System

  21. Somatic Nervous System • Receive and process sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears • Excite voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles

  22. Autonomic Nervous System • Carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membranes • Stimulates organs, glands and senses by stimulating secretions of substances • Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

  23. Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic • Operates when the body is under stress • Activates responses necessary to react in dangerous or abnormal situations • Fight or Flight response • Parasympathetic • Operates to keep the body in homeostasis under normal conditions

  24. The End

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