1 / 15

Civil Rights

Civil Rights. Education. 1954: Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Segregation still exists Mostly in the north Black neighborhoods and white neighborhoods State courts forced local governments to bus children to outside neighborhoods for racial balance Response?. Education (continued).

carnig
Download Presentation

Civil Rights

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Civil Rights

  2. Education • 1954: Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka • Segregation still exists • Mostly in the north • Black neighborhoods and white neighborhoods • State courts forced local governments to bus children to outside neighborhoods for racial balance • Response?

  3. Education (continued) • Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Ed (1971) • Busing constitutionally legal • 20,000 white students left Boston’s public school system • By 1976: Minorities made up the majority of Boston’s public school students • Other issues: • White Flight • Miliken v. Bradley (1974): Busing unconstitutional unless districts had been drawn to create segregation

  4. Affirmative Action • Active effort to improve education and employment opportunities for minorities • Called for companies, schools, & institutions doing business with federal gov’t to recruit African Americans • Would ultimately lead to improved status • Later expanded upon to include other minorities • Atlanta example: • Maynard Jackson • Public contracts (<1% before Jackson)

  5. Bakke Case • Allan Bakke: white applicant for medical school at UC-Davis • Rejected twice; found out African American students with lower grades were accepted • Slots set aside for minorities—sued them for racial discrimination

  6. Think-Pair-Share • On a piece of paper, write out what you expect to be the ruling of the Bakke case • Did the courts support Bakke as discrimination? • Did the courts support affirmative action? • Why would you expect this result? • After a few minutes, I will ask you to discuss with a neighbor the results of the case

  7. Bakke Case Ruling • 1978: University of California Regents v. Bakke declared a violation of civil rights • UC-Davis quotas were illegal • However, universities can use race as criteria for admission as long as they avoided fixed quotas

  8. New Leaders • Jesse Jackson • Founded PUSH (People United to Save Humanity) • Goal: register voters, develop African American businesses, broaden educational opportunities • Founded National Rainbow Coalition • Advocates equal rights • Ran for president twice • Recipient of Presidential Medal of Freedom • 1971: Congressional Black Caucus

  9. New Leaders (continued) • Shirley Chisholm • Founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus • First African American woman in Congress (NY) • Andrew Young • First African American to serve as US ambassador to UN • Mayor of Atlanta • By early 1980s: African American mayors in ATL, DET, CHI, LA, NO, PHI, DC

  10. New Leaders (continued) • Louis Farrakhan • Prominent minister of Nation of Islam • Organized Million Man March to promote self-reliance and responsibility • L. Douglas Wilder • 1st African American Governor (1990 in VA) • David Dinkins • 1st African American mayor of NYC

  11. Native Americans • Unemployment ten times higher than average • Annual income by family $1000 less than African Americans • Life Expectancy 7 years lower than national average

  12. Native American Movements • 1961: Declaration of Indian Purpose • Asked for Federal Programs to create economic opportunity on reservation • 1968: Indian Civil Rights Act • Reservations get protections of Bill of Rights and local reservation law • American Indian Movement (AIM) • Militant group unhappy with gov’t efforts • 1969 protest: 19 months occupying Alcatraz • Feb. 1973: Seized town of Wounded Knee for 70 days

  13. Gains for Native Americans • 1975: Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act • Increased funding • Local control • More positions in Bureau of Indian Affairs • Other gains: • Property • Taxation Authority • Resorts

  14. Disability Rights • 1968: Architectural Barriers Act • Accessibility for disabled people • Rehabilitation Act of 1973 • Section 504: “no otherwise qualified individual with a disability…shall…be…excluded from participation in…benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any program or service or activity receiving federal financial assistance…” • No enforcements lead to little change • Protests: Frank Bowe, head of American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities, led sit-ins at Dept of HEW buildings (1977)

  15. Disability Rights (continued) • 1966: Bureau for Education of the Handicapped • Grants to develop new programs • 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act • Free, appropriate education • Mainstreaming • 1990: American with Disabilities Act • New discrimination laws for employment, transportation, education, etc.

More Related