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The Protista Kingdom

The Protista Kingdom. Mrs. Brostrom Oceanography. Origin of the Universe. Big b ang t heory Origin of Earth 4.5 Billion Years Ago Accretion of dust/debris into suns, planets, moons etc. . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDQzKTedGNE 3:46

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The Protista Kingdom

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  1. The Protista Kingdom Mrs. Brostrom Oceanography

  2. Origin of the Universe • Big bang theory • Origin of Earth • 4.5 Billion Years Ago • Accretion of dust/debris into suns, planets, moons etc.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDQzKTedGNE 3:46 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SgnnV8nV9g 10:57

  3. Origin of the Ocean • Water in volcanic gases spewing out • When Earth was cool enough, it began to accumulate into 5 interconnected basins on earth’s crust (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern) • Ocean – Means “Big River”

  4. Cyanophytes Pink flamingoes get their color from eating red cyanophytes • Kingdom: Eubacteria • Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) • Origin of atmosphere: Fossil evidence of cyanobacteria 3.5bya • Generated oxygen that is in our atmosphere today • “Black scum” on rocks, even at shoreline today • Scientists hypothesize that photosynthesis evolved in cyanophytes stromatolite, produced by the activity of ancient cyanobacteria 850mya

  5. Photosynthesis • Process of making food • Sunlight + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6 O2 • Plants/Seaweed • Occurs in the chloroplasts • Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs sunlight • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pE82qtKSSH4 3:45

  6. Cellular respiration • “Burning” of food to release sun’s energy trapped in it • C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

  7. The Six Kingdoms

  8. Kingdom Protista • mostly unicellular organisms that do not fit into the other kingdoms • Characteristics of Protists: • mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) • can be heterotrophic (rely on external energy sources) or autotrophic (photosynthesisers) • most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human body) • ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus) • A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus

  9. Diversity of Algae • Millions of algae species, but we’ll focus on these: • Diatoms • Dinoflagellates • Red Algae • Brown algae • Green algae

  10. Diatoms • Kingdom: Protista • Phylum: Bacillariophyta • Approximately 50,000 species • secrete glass shells they make from dissolved silica in water • Fish and other plankton feed on diatoms • Can be present in harmful algae blooms that harm fish

  11. Dinoflagellates • Kingdom: Protista • Phylum: Dinophyta • Unicellular • Flagella to help them move through the water • They are the cause of Red Tide, when there is an outburst in population and in turn water becomes red/brown in color • can produce toxins, which cause memory loss and other impaired brain functions in humans, will cause food poisoning from fish consumed Noctiluca are bioluminescent dinoflagellates

  12. Brown Algae Giant kelp can grow ~12 inches a day • Kingdom: Protista • Phylum: Phaeophyta • 1500 species of Brown algae; all are multicellular and large • More structurally complex; holdfasts, blades, stipes, & pneumatocysts • Used in cosmetics, pudding, toothpaste, ice creams One dinoflagellate that has gotten out of control is Pfiesteria.  Pfiesteria grows in fertilizer and raw sewage. It has killed a billion fish along the costs of North Carolina, Maryland, and Virginia since 1991.

  13. Reg Algae • Kingdom: Protista • Phylum: Rhodophyta • 4000 species of Red Algae; most are marine • Smaller than brown algae and are often found at a depth of 200 meters. • Important for coral reefs; act as mortar for the spaces in between the corals • Used in cosmetics, gelatin capsules, as food, and some cheeses Irish moss is dried and eaten in Japan

  14. Green Algae • Kingdom: Protista • Phylum: Chlorophyta • 7000 diverse species; single and multicellular • Anchor to rocks with holdfasts • Biologist reason that green algae gave rise to land plants; both contain chlorophyll A and B & cell walls made of cellulose Sea lettuce looks like a plant, but is actually much simpler

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