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CS 173: Discrete Mathematical Structures

CS 173: Discrete Mathematical Structures. Cinda Heeren heeren@cs.uiuc.edu Siebel Center, rm 2213 Office Hours: W 9:30-11:30a. CS 173 Announcements. Homework 7 available. Due 03/12, 8a. Exam 2, Apr 4, 7-9p, Loomis 141. Email Cinda with conflicts.

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CS 173: Discrete Mathematical Structures

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  1. CS 173:Discrete Mathematical Structures Cinda Heeren heeren@cs.uiuc.edu Siebel Center, rm 2213 Office Hours: W 9:30-11:30a

  2. CS 173 Announcements • Homework 7 available. Due 03/12, 8a. • Exam 2, Apr 4, 7-9p, Loomis 141. Email Cinda with conflicts. • Today’s lecture covers material from Rosen, sections 4.1-4.3. Cs173 - Spring 2004

  3. CS173Decision Tree Suppose you have 4 shirts, 3 pairs of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes. How many different outfits do you have? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  4. 20 A DT is a good model for a sequence of events. It assists in counting, and can help you see special structure in the problem. CS173 Decision Tree How many different best of 5 game series are possible between the Cardinals and the Astros? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  5. CS173Pigeonhole Principle If n pigeons fly into k pigeonholes and k < n, then some pigeonhole contains at least two pigeons. Cs173 - Spring 2004

  6. We can use this simple little fact to prove amazingly complex things. CS173Pigeonhole Principle If n pigeons fly into k pigeonholes and k < n, then some pigeonhole contains at least two pigeons. Cs173 - Spring 2004

  7. 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Some pair has the same remainder, by PHP. CS173Pigeonhole Principle Let S contain any 6 positive integers. Then, there is a pair of numbers in S whose difference is divisible by 5. Let S = {a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6}. Each of these has a remainder when divided by 5. What can these remainders be? 6 numbers, 5 possible remainders…what do we know? Consider that pair, ai and aj, and their remainder r. ai = 5m + r, and aj = 5n + r. Their difference: ai - aj = (5m + r) - (5n + r) = 5m - 5n = 5(m-n), which is divisible by 5. Cs173 - Spring 2004

  8. Let’s say she knows 3 others. Consider one person. CS173Pigeonhole Principle Six people go to a party. Either there is a group of 3 who all know each other, or there is a group of 3 who are all strangers. If any of those 3 know each other, we have a blue , which means 3 people know each other. So they all must be strangers. She either knows or doesn’t know each other person. But then we’ve proven our conjecture for this case. But there are 5 other people! So, she knows, or doesn’t know, at least 3 others. The case where she doesn’t know 3 others is similar. Cs173 - Spring 2004

  9. CS 199 Ice Cream Cones Do these two cones provide the same ice cream experience? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  10. P(n,r) = n! / (n-r)! • 60 • 125 • 12!/7! • 512 • No clue CS173 Permutations In a running race of 12 sprinters, each of the top 5 finishers receives a different medal. How many ways are there to award the 5 medals? 11 10 9 8 12 A permutation is an ordered arrangement of objects. The number of permutations of r distinct objects chosen from n distinct objects is denoted P(n,r). Cs173 - Spring 2004

  11. P(17,10) = 17x16x15x14x13x12x11 CS173 Permutations Suppose you have time to listen to 10 songs on your daily jog around campus. There are 6 Cake tunes, 8 Moby tunes, and 3 Eagles tunes to choose from. How many different jog playlists can you make? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  12. P(6,4) x P(8,4) x P(3,2) CS173 Permutations Suppose you have time to listen to 10 songs on your daily jog around campus. There are 6 Cake tunes, 8 Moby tunes, and 3 Eagles tunes to choose from. Now suppose you want to listen to 4 Cake, 4 Moby, and 2 Eagles tunes, in that band order. How many playlists can you make? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  13. P(6,4) x P(8,4) x P(3,2) x 3! CS173 Permutations Suppose you have time to listen to 10 songs on your daily jog around campus. There are 6 Cake tunes, 8 Moby tunes, and 3 Eagles tunes to choose from. Finally, suppose you still want 4 Cake, 4 Moby, and 2 Eagles tunes, and the order of the groups doesn’t matter, but you get dizzy and fall down if all the songs by any one group aren’t played together. How many playlists are there now? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  14. M2 M4 M5 M1 M3 5! X P(6,3) CS173 Permutations In how many ways can 5 distinct Martians and 3 distinct Jovians stand in line, if no two Jovians stand together? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  15. CS173 Combinations A combination is an unordered selection of elements from some set. The number of combinations of r distinct objects chosen from n distinct objects is denoted by C(n,r) or nCr or , and is read “n choose r.” C(n,r) = P(n,r)/r! = n!/((n-r)!r!) Cs173 - Spring 2004

  16. C(12,5) P(12,5) = C(12,5) x 5! CS173Combinations A basketball squad consists of 12 players, 5 of which make up a team. How many different teams of players can you make from the 12? What’s the diff? In a running race of 12 sprinters, each of the top 5 finishers receives a different medal. How many ways are there to award the 5 medals? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  17. CS173 Combinations A committee of 8 students is to be selected from a class consisting of 19 frosh, and 34 soph. In how many ways can 3 frosh and 5 soph be selected? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  18. CS173 Combinations A committee of 8 students is to be selected from a class consisting of 19 frosh, and 34 soph. In how many ways can a committee with exactly 1 frosh be selected? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  19. CS173 Combinations A committee of 8 students is to be selected from a class consisting of 19 frosh, and 34 soph. In how many ways can a committee with at most 1 frosh be selected? Cs173 - Spring 2004

  20. CS173 Combinations A committee of 8 students is to be selected from a class consisting of 19 frosh, and 34 soph. In how many ways can a committee with at least 1 frosh be selected? Cs173 - Spring 2004

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