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CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS. CHAPTER 4. Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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  1. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS CHAPTER 4

  2. Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns cell wall of chitin or cellulose or absent 80s rRNA Cellular Characteristics

  3. Prokaryotic Cells • Sizes • Shapes • Arrangement

  4. Typical Prokaryotic Cell

  5. Fig. 4-16ab Gram–positive Gram–negative Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic membrane Membrane Periplasm Outer membrane (Iipopolysaccharide and protein)

  6. Gram Positive Cell Wall • Gram positive

  7. Fig. 4-16c Peptidoglycan Cytoplasmic membrane TEM of bacterium

  8. Gram Negative Cell Wall • Gram negative

  9. Gram–negative Gram–positive Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Fig. 4-16 Cytoplasmic membrane Membrane Periplasm Outer membrane (Iipopolysaccharide and protein) Outer membrane Cytoplasmic membrane Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Cytoplasmic membrane

  10. Core polysaccharide Protein O–polysaccharide Out Lipid A Lipopoly- saccharide (LPS) Fig. 4-23 Outer membrane 8 nm Cell wall Porin Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Phospholipid Periplasm Lipoprotein Cytoplasmic membrane In

  11. Acid Fast Cell Wall • Acid Fast • Wall deficient Lipid layer penetrated by hydrophobic carbol fuchsin

  12. Cell Structures — Membrane • Plasma membrane

  13. Cell Structures — Membrane

  14. Internal Cell Structures • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes • Nuclear region

  15. Inclusions • Internal Membranes

  16. Endospores

  17. Fig. 4-38

  18. Fig. 4-39 Vegetative cell Developing spore Germination Sporulating cell Mature spore

  19. Fig. 4-41 Exosporium Spore coat Core wall Cortex DNA

  20. Cell Structures — External • Flagellae

  21. 14 nm L Filament P Flagellin Fig. 4-47 MS Hook Outer membrane (LPS) L Ring Rod P Ring Periplasm Peptidoglycan Rod MS Ring Basal body MS Ring C Ring Mot protein Mot protein Fli proteins (motor switch) C Ring Cytoplasmic membrane Mot protein 45 nm

  22. Cell Structures — Axial filaments • Axial Filaments

  23. Cell Structures — Attachment • Pili • Fimbriae

  24. Cell Structures — Glycocalyx • Capsule • Slime Layer

  25. Eukaryotic Cell Structure

  26. Eukaryotic Cells • Plasma membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus

  27. Eukaryotic Organelles — Mt • Mitochondria

  28. Eukaryotic Organelles — Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts

  29. Eukaryotic Organelles • Ribosomes • Endoplasmic Reticulum

  30. Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles Eukaryotic Organelles

  31. Cytoskeleton and Motility • Cytoskeleton • Flagellae

  32. Motility — Cilia • Cilia

  33. Motility — Cilia • Cilia

  34. Motility — Cilia • Cilia

  35. Motility — Pseudopods • Pseudopodia

  36. Cell Walls Fungal cell wall (chitin) Plant cell wall(cellulose)

  37. Endosymbiotic Theory

  38. Endosymbiosis

  39. Movement Across Membranes • Diffusion

  40. Osmosis • Water movement

  41. Active Transport • Active transport

  42. Endo/Exocytosis

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